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Subject Item
dbr:Concussion
rdf:type
wd:Q7189713 dbo:Disease umbel-rc:AilmentCondition wd:Q2057971 wd:Q35120 wd:Q3505845 owl:Thing wd:Q1149305 wd:Q12136
rdfs:label
Commoció cerebral Hjärnskakning Concussion ارتجاج الدماغ 腦震盪 Струс мозку Wstrząśnienie mózgu Commozione cerebrale Εγκεφαλική διάσειση Gegar otak Comhtholgadh Hersenschudding Konkusio Conmoción cerebral 脳震盪 Сотрясение мозга 뇌진탕 Concussão Gehirnerschütterung Otřes mozku
rdfs:comment
Concussão caracteriza-se pela presença de sintomas neurológicos sem nenhuma lesão identificada, mas com danos microscópicos, dependendo da situação, reversíveis ou não. Podem ocorrer perda da consciência, prejuízo da memória, cefaleia, náuseas e vômitos, distúrbios visuais e da movimentação dos olhos. A concussão cerebral é a perda da consciência de curta duração, que acontece logo após um traumatismo craniano (bater com a cabeça). Сотрясе́ние мо́зга — лёгкая форма черепно-мозговой травмы с кратковременной потерей сознания (острое кратковременное нарушение функций головного мозга). Патоморфологические изменения могут быть выявлены лишь на клеточном и субклеточном уровнях. Konkusioa edo burmuineko kommozioa burmuineko lesio traumatikorik arruntena eta arinena da. Teknikoki traumatismo batek sortzen du eta burmuinen funtzionamendu arrunta epe labur batez eteten du. Otřes mozku (commotio cerebri, komoce z lat. commovere - prudce pohnouti) je porucha mozkové činnosti v důsledku úrazu. Jedná se o nejlehčí formu poranění hlavy. Může být způsoben úderem do hlavy – dopravní nehody, úrazy při sportu a rvačkách. Dá se rozpoznat díky krátkému narušení vědomí, které trvá minuty až hodiny, může se objevit závrať. Po odeznění příznaků často zůstává ztráta paměti (retrográdní amnézie). K pozdějším symptomům se řadí cefalea (cefalgie - bolest hlavy), pseudo, mdloby, nejistota při chůzi a pohybu - tento komplex příznaků se označuje jako postkomoční syndrom. Hjärnskakning uppstår vid hårdare slag mot huvudet då hjärnan krockar mot insidan av skallbenet. Hjärnan vilar i kraniet i en vätska, cerebrospinalvätskan, som finns till för att absorbera stötar och lättare slag – men vid hårdare slag kan orsaka att hjärnan studsar mot skallbenets hårda yta och individen kan då främst drabbas av huvudvärk, yrsel, illamående och tillfälliga minnessvårigheter (amnesi) eller kortare medvetslöshet. Kortvarig medvetslöshet (upp till fem minuter) eller amnesi – retrograd eller antegrad – i frånvaro av andra neurologiska bortfall är kännetecknet. Radiologiska fynd får ej finnas. Längre medvetslöshet eller närvaro av neurologiska bortfallssymptom talar för allvarlig skada. Människor som diagnosticeras med commotio brukar observeras 12–24 timmar på sjukhus eller i Стру́с мо́зку (лат. Commotio cerebri) — миттєвий зрив функцій головного мозку, що наступає через травму голови з можливою короткотривалою втратою свідомості. Патоморфологічні зміни можуть бути виявлені лише на клітинному та субклітинному рівнях. Wstrząśnienie mózgu (łac. commotio cerebri) – zaburzenie czynności pnia mózgu, będące wynikiem urazu lub zniesienia czynności komórek zwojowych mózgu bez znaczących zmian anatomicznych. Uznawane jest za łagodną postać urazowego uszkodzenia mózgu. Utrata przytomności we wstrząśnieniu mózgu jest spowodowana zaburzeniem funkcji tworu siatkowatego na skutek ruchu obrotowego, który działa na górną część pnia mózgu. W języku potocznym wstrząśnienie mózgu bywa nazywane wstrząsem mózgu, natomiast w medycynie termin „wstrząs” odnosi się do zupełnie innego stanu patofizjologicznego. Εγκεφαλική διάσειση είναι η παροδική λειτουργική διαταραχή του εγκεφάλου, χωρίς βλάβη των εγκεφαλικών κυττάρων, που προκαλείται από τραυματισμό της κεφαλής. Δύο είναι τα χαρακτηριστικά της διάσεισης: (1) η άμεση απώλεια της συνείδησης (που διαρκεί από κάποια δευτερόλεπτα μέχρι το πολύ 1 ώρα, και (2) η αμνησία μετά το ατύχημα για μια χρονική περίοδο που ποικίλλει σε διάρκεια. Αυτά τα δύο στοιχεία αποτελούν τη βάση της διάγνωσης. Een hersenschudding (medisch: commotio cerebri) is een milde vorm van hersenletsel ten gevolge van mechanisch geweld, direct of indirect op de schedel inwerkend, zonder dat de hersenen zelf macroscopisch (zichtbaar) waarneembaar letsel hebben opgelopen. ارتجاج الدماغ (بالإنجليزية: Concussion)‏، معروف أيضاً باسم إصابة الدماغ الخفيفة (mTBI)، وهو إصابة الرأس التي تؤثر مؤقتاً على عمل الدماغ. وقد تشمل الأعراض فقدان الوعي، فقدان الذاكرة، الصداع، وصعوبة التفكير أو التركيز أو التوازن، الغثيان، والرؤية غير الواضحة، واضطرابات النوم، وتغيرات المزاج. أي من هذه الأعراض قد تبدأ على الفور، أو تظهر بعد أيام من الإصابة. وينبغي الاشتباه في حدوث ارتجاج إذا أصاب شخص رأسه بصورة غير مباشرة أو مباشرة وتعرض لأي من أعراض الارتجاج. ليس من المعتاد أن تستمر الأعراض لأسبوعين عند البالغين و 4 أسابيع عند الأطفال. أقل من 10% من الارتجاجات المرتبطة بالرياضة بين الأطفال ترتبط بفقدان الوعي. La conmoción cerebral o concusión es el tipo de traumatismo cerebral más común y de menor gravedad. Técnicamente, una concusión es una pérdida de conocimiento por un corto período de tiempo como resultado de una lesión en la cabeza provocada por un traumatismo que interrumpe la función normal del cerebro. En el lenguaje corriente, el término ha pasado a significar cualquier lesión de menor gravedad de la cabeza o del cerebro.​ Puede implicar desajustes en las neuronas sin que exista daño estructural obvio. Tras una conmoción cerebral, este órgano queda momentáneamente bloqueado. Puede haber o no pérdida de consciencia, pero generalmente se observa confusión o problemas de memoria. Is éard atá i gceist le comhtholgadh ná staid inchúlaithe neamhaireachtála a fhéadfaidh tarlú díreach i ndiaidh buille trom don cheann, ach a leanann níos faide ná an tráma féin. Nuair a thagann duine chuige féin bíonn a chuimhne ar an taisme lagaithe, agus ar ar tharla roimhe sin freisin b'fhéidir (aimnéise aisiompaithe). Ní bhíonn damáiste garbh déanta don inchinn, ach anois is arís damáiste inchúlaithe do néaróin. La commoció cerebral es produeix quan el cervell, per un brusc moviment del cap, mou per l'interior del crani. Pot implicar desajustaments en les neurones sense que existeixi dany estructural evident. Després d'una commoció cerebral, aquest òrgan queda momentàniament bloquejat. Pot haver-hi o no pèrdua de consciència, però generalment s'observa confusió o problemes de memòria. Pot remetre o en cas de lesió cerebral important, evolucionar cap a una . Gegar otak adalah trauma kepala yang tidak disertai kerusakan dan menyebabkan pingsan selama tidak lebih dari 10 menit. Orang yang mengalami gegar otak setelah sadar dari pingsannya akan mengeluh pusing dan muntah-muntah. Gegar otak juga bisa diikuti dengan vertigo atau . Amnesia retrograde yaitu kehilangan ingatan untuk periode yang terbatas sebelum terjadinya kecelakaan. Istilah lain untuk gegar otak adalah konkusio otak. Pengobatan yang dilakukan untuk penderita gegar otak adalah dengan istirahat berbaring, pemberian obat nyeri kepala, obat muntah dan membatasi pemberian cairan (satu hari maksimal 2 liter). Setelah itu, penderita kemudian secara bertahap diajak untuk mobilisasi yaitu mulai dari duduk, berdiri, dan berjalan tetapi aktivitas masih tetap dibatasi. Seseorang yang mengalami La commozione cerebrale (o più propriamente concussione cerebrale, dal latino concutere/concussus, "tremare, scuotere violentemente") è il più frequente tipo di lesione cerebrale traumatica. I termini lieve lesione cerebrale, lieve lesione cerebrale traumatica, lieve trauma cranico, trauma cranico minore e commozione, possono essere utilizzati con lo stesso significato, anche se l'ultimo viene spesso trattato come una categoria ristretta. La commozione cerebrale viene spesso definita come un trauma al cranio con una temporanea perdita della funzione cerebrale, accompagnata da una varietà di sintomi fisici, cognitivi ed emotivi, i quali possono anche risultare talmente poco evidenti da non essere riconosciuti facilmente. 뇌진탕(腦震蕩, concussion)은 머리에 센 충격이 가해졌을 때 일시적으로 의식 장애를 일으키는 것이다. 고식적인 의미의 뇌진탕은 의식장애가 동반해야하며 이외에 두통, 이명 . , 어지러움, 흐릿한 시야, 복시 등이며 감정조절에 문제가 생길 수도 있다. 최근 국내(대한민국)에서는 의식장애가 없이 외상 후 발생한 두통 등의 경미한 증상조차 뇌진탕 진단을 주고 있는데, 이것은 분쟁에 대한 의료인의 면피 목적의 진단이다. 뇌진탕은 뇌손상이 없지만 환자가 호소하는 주관적 증상이 있을 때 주는 진단이고, 기질적 뇌손상이 없기 때문에 중장기 합병증이나 사망을 야기하지 않으며 자연회복 된다. 중장기 합병증이나 장애가 남는다면 뇌진탕이 아닌 다른 뇌손상을 의심해 봐야한다. 脳震盪（のうしんとう、英: cerebral concussion、brain concussion）は、最も頻発する外傷性脳損傷のタイプであり、頭部に衝撃を受けた直後に発症する一過性および可逆性の意識や記憶の喪失を伴う症状で、一時的な機能停止あるいは一部が損傷や微少出血を受ける病態。 腦震盪是一種常見而較輕微的腦部創傷病症，指病人因為意外或頭部被猛烈撞擊使腦部受震而引发的症候群。其特点为短暂的失憶，清醒后常有头疼、恶心、呕吐等症状，但无任何神经系统缺损。台灣亦有文獻把 “Brainstorming” 譯成“腦震盪”，但“Brainstorming”更普遍的譯名為腦力激盪法，又称头脑风暴。 A concussion, also known as a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), is a head injury that temporarily affects brain functioning. Symptoms may include loss of consciousness (LOC); memory loss; headaches; difficulty with thinking, concentration, or balance; nausea; blurred vision; sleep disturbances; and mood changes. Any of these symptoms may begin immediately, or appear days after the injury. Concussion should be suspected if a person indirectly or directly hits their head and experiences any of the symptoms of concussion. It is not unusual for symptoms to last 2 weeks in adults and 4 weeks in children. Fewer than 10% of sports-related concussions among children are associated with loss of consciousness.
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La commoció cerebral es produeix quan el cervell, per un brusc moviment del cap, mou per l'interior del crani. Pot implicar desajustaments en les neurones sense que existeixi dany estructural evident. Després d'una commoció cerebral, aquest òrgan queda momentàniament bloquejat. Pot haver-hi o no pèrdua de consciència, però generalment s'observa confusió o problemes de memòria. Pot remetre o en cas de lesió cerebral important, evolucionar cap a una . Wstrząśnienie mózgu (łac. commotio cerebri) – zaburzenie czynności pnia mózgu, będące wynikiem urazu lub zniesienia czynności komórek zwojowych mózgu bez znaczących zmian anatomicznych. Uznawane jest za łagodną postać urazowego uszkodzenia mózgu. Utrata przytomności we wstrząśnieniu mózgu jest spowodowana zaburzeniem funkcji tworu siatkowatego na skutek ruchu obrotowego, który działa na górną część pnia mózgu. W języku potocznym wstrząśnienie mózgu bywa nazywane wstrząsem mózgu, natomiast w medycynie termin „wstrząs” odnosi się do zupełnie innego stanu patofizjologicznego. La commozione cerebrale (o più propriamente concussione cerebrale, dal latino concutere/concussus, "tremare, scuotere violentemente") è il più frequente tipo di lesione cerebrale traumatica. I termini lieve lesione cerebrale, lieve lesione cerebrale traumatica, lieve trauma cranico, trauma cranico minore e commozione, possono essere utilizzati con lo stesso significato, anche se l'ultimo viene spesso trattato come una categoria ristretta. La commozione cerebrale viene spesso definita come un trauma al cranio con una temporanea perdita della funzione cerebrale, accompagnata da una varietà di sintomi fisici, cognitivi ed emotivi, i quali possono anche risultare talmente poco evidenti da non essere riconosciuti facilmente. Il trattamento prevede il monitoraggio e il riposo fisico e cognitivo (riduzione di alcune attività come il lavoro, lo studio, giocare con i videogiochi e scrivere testi). I sintomi di solito si risolvono entro tre settimane, anche se possono persistere o possono verificarsi complicazioni. Sembra che coloro che hanno subito una commozione cerebrale siano più sensibili a un altro evento di tale genere, soprattutto se il nuovo infortunio si verifica prima che i sintomi del primo siano stati completamente risolti. Si riscontra anche un processo progressivo negativo per il quale gli impatti più piccoli provocano la stessa gravità dei sintomi di quelli maggiori. Traumi ripetuti possono aumentare il rischio in età avanzata di insorgenza di demenza, malattia di Parkinson e/o depressione. Una varietà di segni accompagnano la concussione: somatici (come il mal di testa), cognitivi (un generale senso di "annebbiamento"), emotivi (espressi in una mutevolezza emozionale), segni fisici (come la perdita di coscienza o amnesia), alterazioni del comportamento (come l'irritabilità), deterioramento cognitivo (ad esempio tempi di reazione rallentati) e/o disturbi del sonno. Meno del 10% delle commozioni cerebrali che si verificano nei bambini in seguito ad attività sportive sono associate alla perdita di coscienza. Per via delle diverse definizioni e della sottostima dei casi, il tasso di commozioni cerebrali che si verifica ogni anno non è noto con precisione, ma è valutato oltre 6 casi ogni 1 000 persone. Le cause più comuni sono lesioni dovute ad attività sportive e agli incidenti stradali: quest'ultima risulta essere la causa più frequente tra gli adulti. Oltre a un trauma alla testa, la commozione cerebrale può essere causata dalle forze di accelerazione, senza che vi sia un impatto diretto; negli scenari di guerra, ad esempio, può essere una potenziale conseguenza di esplosioni avvenute nelle vicinanze. Non è esattamente chiarito come si verifichi il danno e quali siano le cause dei sintomi, ma si ritiene che siano coinvolti lo stiramento degli assoni e le alterazioni nei canali ionici. Tramite esami di imaging biomedico, come la tomografia computerizzata o la risonanza magnetica, sono stati riscontrati danni a livello cellulare nel cervello di pazienti che hanno subito una commozione cerebrale, tuttavia ciò potrebbe essere dovuto ad artefatti dell'immagine. Si ritiene che fattori strutturali e neuropsichiatrici possano essere entrambi responsabili degli effetti della commozione cerebrale. Een hersenschudding (medisch: commotio cerebri) is een milde vorm van hersenletsel ten gevolge van mechanisch geweld, direct of indirect op de schedel inwerkend, zonder dat de hersenen zelf macroscopisch (zichtbaar) waarneembaar letsel hebben opgelopen. Hjärnskakning uppstår vid hårdare slag mot huvudet då hjärnan krockar mot insidan av skallbenet. Hjärnan vilar i kraniet i en vätska, cerebrospinalvätskan, som finns till för att absorbera stötar och lättare slag – men vid hårdare slag kan orsaka att hjärnan studsar mot skallbenets hårda yta och individen kan då främst drabbas av huvudvärk, yrsel, illamående och tillfälliga minnessvårigheter (amnesi) eller kortare medvetslöshet. Kortvarig medvetslöshet (upp till fem minuter) eller amnesi – retrograd eller antegrad – i frånvaro av andra neurologiska bortfall är kännetecknet. Radiologiska fynd får ej finnas. Längre medvetslöshet eller närvaro av neurologiska bortfallssymptom talar för allvarlig skada. Människor som diagnosticeras med commotio brukar observeras 12–24 timmar på sjukhus eller i hemmet alternativt genomgå en skiktröntgen (CT eller DT) av huvudet, detta för att ytterligare utesluta allvarligare skador. I efterförloppet kan allmän trötthet förväntas någon vecka. Vid medvetslöshet bör läkare kontaktas. En hjärnskakning orsakas av att hjärnan sätts i rörelse innanför skallen. Oftast händer detta vid en kraftig smäll mot huvudet. Inuti skallbenet finns det en vätska som kallas för cerebrospinalvätska. Denna vätska har till uppgift att skydda huvudet mot lättare smällar och slag. Men när man t.ex. trillar och får en kraftigare smäll mot huvudet, så kan inte vätskan stå emot. Detta gör då att hjärnan rör sig och slår emot skallbenet. Konkusioa edo burmuineko kommozioa burmuineko lesio traumatikorik arruntena eta arinena da. Teknikoki traumatismo batek sortzen du eta burmuinen funtzionamendu arrunta epe labur batez eteten du. 脳震盪（のうしんとう、英: cerebral concussion、brain concussion）は、最も頻発する外傷性脳損傷のタイプであり、頭部に衝撃を受けた直後に発症する一過性および可逆性の意識や記憶の喪失を伴う症状で、一時的な機能停止あるいは一部が損傷や微少出血を受ける病態。 A concussion, also known as a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), is a head injury that temporarily affects brain functioning. Symptoms may include loss of consciousness (LOC); memory loss; headaches; difficulty with thinking, concentration, or balance; nausea; blurred vision; sleep disturbances; and mood changes. Any of these symptoms may begin immediately, or appear days after the injury. Concussion should be suspected if a person indirectly or directly hits their head and experiences any of the symptoms of concussion. It is not unusual for symptoms to last 2 weeks in adults and 4 weeks in children. Fewer than 10% of sports-related concussions among children are associated with loss of consciousness. Common causes include motor vehicle collisions, falls, sports injuries, and bicycle accidents. Risk factors include drinking alcohol and a prior history of concussion. The mechanism of injury involves either a direct blow to the head or forces elsewhere on the body that are transmitted to the head. This is believed to result in neuron dysfunction, as there are increased glucose requirements, but not enough blood supply. A thorough evaluation by a qualified medical provider (such as a physician, physician assistant, or nurse practitioner) is required to rule out life-threatening head injuries, injuries to the cervical spine, and neurological conditions. Glasgow coma scale score 13 to 15, loss of consciousness for less than 30 minutes, and memory loss for less than 24 hours may be used to rule out moderate or severe traumatic brain injuries. Diagnostic imaging such as a CT scan or an MRI may also be required to rule out severe head injuries. Routine imaging is not required to diagnose concussion. Prevention of concussions includes the use of a helmet when bicycling or motorbiking. Treatment includes physical and cognitive rest for 1–2 days, with a gradual step-wise return to activities, school, and work. Prolonged periods of rest may slow recovery and result in greater depression and anxiety. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) or NSAIDs may be recommended to help with a headache. Physiotherapy may be useful for persistent balance problems; cognitive behavioral therapy may be useful for mood changes. Evidence to support the use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy and chiropractic therapy is lacking. Worldwide, concussions are estimated to affect more than 3.5 per 1,000 people a year. Concussions are classified as mild traumatic brain injuries and are the most common type of TBIs. Males and young adults are most commonly affected. Outcomes are generally good. Another concussion before the symptoms of a prior concussion have resolved is associated with worse outcomes. Repeated concussions may also increase the risk in later life of chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Parkinson's disease and depression. Стру́с мо́зку (лат. Commotio cerebri) — миттєвий зрив функцій головного мозку, що наступає через травму голови з можливою короткотривалою втратою свідомості. Патоморфологічні зміни можуть бути виявлені лише на клітинному та субклітинному рівнях. Сотрясе́ние мо́зга — лёгкая форма черепно-мозговой травмы с кратковременной потерей сознания (острое кратковременное нарушение функций головного мозга). Патоморфологические изменения могут быть выявлены лишь на клеточном и субклеточном уровнях. Otřes mozku (commotio cerebri, komoce z lat. commovere - prudce pohnouti) je porucha mozkové činnosti v důsledku úrazu. Jedná se o nejlehčí formu poranění hlavy. Může být způsoben úderem do hlavy – dopravní nehody, úrazy při sportu a rvačkách. Dá se rozpoznat díky krátkému narušení vědomí, které trvá minuty až hodiny, může se objevit závrať. Po odeznění příznaků často zůstává ztráta paměti (retrográdní amnézie). K pozdějším symptomům se řadí cefalea (cefalgie - bolest hlavy), pseudo, mdloby, nejistota při chůzi a pohybu - tento komplex příznaků se označuje jako postkomoční syndrom. Histologické změny mozku při otřesu de facto neexistují. Při déle trvajících komocích lze sledovat změny EEG v závislosti na stupni poruchy vědomí. Diferenciální diagnostika oproti kontuzím mozku (pohmoždění mozku) může být na začátku traumatu nesnadné. Přesto i malé údery mohou vést k dlouhodobému poškození mozku. Na mozek působí přímo či nepřímo mechanická síla, která je patogenním faktorem. Přímé působení při nárazu se nazývá "coup", nepřímé pak "countercoup" (např. při dopadu výsadkáře na paty a otřesu těla). Gegar otak adalah trauma kepala yang tidak disertai kerusakan dan menyebabkan pingsan selama tidak lebih dari 10 menit. Orang yang mengalami gegar otak setelah sadar dari pingsannya akan mengeluh pusing dan muntah-muntah. Gegar otak juga bisa diikuti dengan vertigo atau . Amnesia retrograde yaitu kehilangan ingatan untuk periode yang terbatas sebelum terjadinya kecelakaan. Istilah lain untuk gegar otak adalah konkusio otak. Pengobatan yang dilakukan untuk penderita gegar otak adalah dengan istirahat berbaring, pemberian obat nyeri kepala, obat muntah dan membatasi pemberian cairan (satu hari maksimal 2 liter). Setelah itu, penderita kemudian secara bertahap diajak untuk mobilisasi yaitu mulai dari duduk, berdiri, dan berjalan tetapi aktivitas masih tetap dibatasi. Seseorang yang mengalami gegar otak sebaiknya segera dirawat di rumah sakit karena dimungkinkan terjadi yang memerlukan untuk segera dioperasi. Pendarahan epidural adalah pendarahan yang terjadi pada daerah antara tengkorak dan selaput keras otak. Gejala gegar otak apabila tidak ditangani baik dapat menimbulkan komplikasi yang lebih parah. Salah komplikasi yang dapat terjadi akibat gegar otak adalah penyakit epilepsi. Gegar otak biasanya disebabkan oleh benturan, tetapi tidak semua benturan yang mengenai kepala dapat menyebabkan gegar otak. Hal itu terjadi karena otak dilindungi oleh tengkorak yang kokoh yang dilengkapi dengan selaput otak. ارتجاج الدماغ (بالإنجليزية: Concussion)‏، معروف أيضاً باسم إصابة الدماغ الخفيفة (mTBI)، وهو إصابة الرأس التي تؤثر مؤقتاً على عمل الدماغ. وقد تشمل الأعراض فقدان الوعي، فقدان الذاكرة، الصداع، وصعوبة التفكير أو التركيز أو التوازن، الغثيان، والرؤية غير الواضحة، واضطرابات النوم، وتغيرات المزاج. أي من هذه الأعراض قد تبدأ على الفور، أو تظهر بعد أيام من الإصابة. وينبغي الاشتباه في حدوث ارتجاج إذا أصاب شخص رأسه بصورة غير مباشرة أو مباشرة وتعرض لأي من أعراض الارتجاج. ليس من المعتاد أن تستمر الأعراض لأسبوعين عند البالغين و 4 أسابيع عند الأطفال. أقل من 10% من الارتجاجات المرتبطة بالرياضة بين الأطفال ترتبط بفقدان الوعي. تشمل الأسباب الشائعة اصطدام السيارات، السقوط، الإصابات الرياضية، وحوادث الدراجات. وتشمل عوامل الخطر شرب الكحول وتاريخ سابق من الارتجاج. تتضمن آلية الإصابة إما ضربة مباشرة للرأس أو قوى في مكان آخر من الجسم تنتقل إلى الرأس. يُعتقد أن هذا يؤدي إلى خلل في الخلايا العصبية، حيث أن هناك زيادة في الطلب للجلوكوز، ولكن لا يوجد إمدادات دم كافية. ويلزم إجراء تشخيص تفريقي كامل من قبل الطبيب أو الممرض لاستبعاد إصابات الرأس المهددة للحياة، وإصابات في الفقرات العنقية، والحالات العصبية. نتيجة مقياس غلاسكو للغيبوبة من 13 إلى 15، وفقدان الوعي لأقل من 30 دقيقة، وفقدان الذاكرة لأقل من 24 ساعة يمكن استخدامها لاستبعاد إصابات الدماغ الرضية المتوسطة أو الشديدة. التصوير التشخيصي مثل: التصوير المقطعي أو التصوير بالرنين المغناطيسي قد يُطلب أيضاً لاستبعاد الإصابات الشديدة في الرأس. التصوير الروتيني غير مطلوب لتشخيص الارتجاج. تشمل الوقاية من الارتجاج استخدام خوذة عند ركوب الدراجات أو ركوب الدراجات النارية. ويشمل العلاج الراحة الجسدية والمعرفية لمدة يوم إلى يومين، مع العودة تدريجيًا إلى الأنشطة والمدرسة والعمل. وقد تؤدي فترات الراحة الطويلة إلى بطء التعافي وإلى زيادة الاكتئاب والقلق. يُوصَى باستخدام الباراسيتامول (أسيتامينوفين) أو مضادات الالتهاب اللاستيرويدية للمساعدة في الصداع. قد يكون العلاج الطبيعي مفيداً في مواجهة مشاكل التوازن المستمرة؛ أيضاً قد يكون العلاج المعرفي السلوكي مفيداً للتغيرات في المزاج. ولا توجد أدلة تدعم استخدام المعالجة بالأكسجين عالي الضغط والعلاج بتقويم العمود الفقري. في جميع أنحاء العالم، تشير التقديرات إلى أن الارتجاجات تصيب أكثر من 3.5 من كل 1000 شخص في السنة. يصنف الارتجاج على أنه إصابات دماغية رضية خفيفة وهو النوع الأكثر شيوعا من TBI. ويتأثر الذكور والشباب أكثر من غيرهم. النتائج جيدة بشكل عام. ولكن إذا حدث ارتجاج آخر قبل أن تختفي أعراض الارتجاج السابق ستظهر نتائج أسوأ. كما أن تكرار الارتجاج قد يزيد من خطر حدوث اعتلال دماغي رضحي مزمن ومرض باركنسون والاكتئاب في وقت لاحق من العمر. Concussão caracteriza-se pela presença de sintomas neurológicos sem nenhuma lesão identificada, mas com danos microscópicos, dependendo da situação, reversíveis ou não. Podem ocorrer perda da consciência, prejuízo da memória, cefaleia, náuseas e vômitos, distúrbios visuais e da movimentação dos olhos. A concussão cerebral é a perda da consciência de curta duração, que acontece logo após um traumatismo craniano (bater com a cabeça). Uma concussão pode deixar o indivíduo um pouco confuso, com dor de cabeça e com uma sonolência anormal, podendo ser acompanhada de tontura, dificuldade de concentração, esquecimento, depressão, falta de sensibilidade ou de emoções e ansiedade. Diferente da contusão, as concussões causam uma disfunção cerebral temporária, sem apresentar fratura do crânio ou feridas na cabeça. Elas podem ocorrer mesmo após um traumatismo crânio-encefálico menor, dependendo da intensidade com que o cérebro foi mobilizado no interior da caixa craniana. A maioria dos indivíduos se recupera completamente em algumas horas ou dias, sem necessitar de nenhum tipo de tratamento específico. Mas, é necessário que este fique sob observação médica por pelo menos 12 horas. Durante este tempo, recomenda-se fazer uma ressonância magnética ou tomografia computadorizada para verificar a integridade cerebral. Caso os sintomas da concussão persistam, novos exames são feitos e, dependendo da avaliação médica, o tratamento é expandido, podendo envolver soluções farmacológicas. Εγκεφαλική διάσειση είναι η παροδική λειτουργική διαταραχή του εγκεφάλου, χωρίς βλάβη των εγκεφαλικών κυττάρων, που προκαλείται από τραυματισμό της κεφαλής. Δύο είναι τα χαρακτηριστικά της διάσεισης: (1) η άμεση απώλεια της συνείδησης (που διαρκεί από κάποια δευτερόλεπτα μέχρι το πολύ 1 ώρα, και (2) η αμνησία μετά το ατύχημα για μια χρονική περίοδο που ποικίλλει σε διάρκεια. Αυτά τα δύο στοιχεία αποτελούν τη βάση της διάγνωσης. Όταν ο ασθενής αρχίζει να ανακτά τις αισθήσεις του, περνά από ένα στάδιο, ενώ, όταν αποκτήσει διαύγεια συνείδησης, παρουσιάζει τάση προς εμετό. Αργότερα, εμφανίζονται μετατραυματικές διαταραχές οι οποίες μπορεί να διαρκέσουν από λίγες ημέρες μέχρι και μερικούς μήνες. Οι παθόντες παραπονούνται για κεφαλαλγίες, ιλίγγους, αδυναμία συγκέντρωσης στην εργασία τους, μεγάλη , ενώ τους διακρίνει μια ευερεθιστότητα. Η ένταση των συμπτωμάτων, ορισμένες φορές είναι τόσο μεγάλη, ώστε ορισμένοι ασθενείς να μην μπορούν να αναλάβουν την εργασία τους για πολλές εβδομάδες μετά το ατύχημα. Οι συνήθεις αιτίες που προκαλούν τη διάσειση περιλαμβάνουν συγκρούσεις με μηχανοκίνητα οχήματα, πτώσεις, αθλητικούς τραυματισμούς και ατυχήματα με ποδήλατο. Ο μηχανισμός του τραυματισμού περιλαμβάνει είτε ένα άμεσο χτύπημα στο κεφάλι είτε δυνάμεις σε άλλα σημεία του σώματος που μεταδίδονται στο κεφάλι. Το χτύπημα πιστεύεται ότι οδηγεί σε δυσλειτουργία των νευρώνων, καθώς υπάρχουν αυξημένες απαιτήσεις σε γλυκόζη, αλλά όχι αρκετή παροχή αίματος. Αυτό που απαιτείται είναι μια διεξοδική αξιολόγηση από εξειδικευμένο γιατρό (όπως νευρολόγο, νευροχειρούργο) για να αποκλειστούν απειλητικοί για τη ζωή τραυματισμοί στο κεφάλι, τραυματισμοί στην αυχενική μοίρα της σπονδυλικής στήλης και νευρολογικές παθήσεις. Κάθε ασθενής με εγκεφαλική διάσειση παρακολουθείται στο νοσοκομείο για 24 ώρες, επειδή θεωρητικά υπάρχει ο κίνδυνος η διάσειση να εξελιχθεί σε ενδοκρανιακό αιμάτωμα. Απαραίτητη είναι και η ακτινογραφία κρανίου. Οι ασθενείς μεταφέρονται στο σπίτι τους όπου παραμένουν κλινήρεις για 3-4 ημέρες, ενώ ακολουθεί σταδιακή κινητοποίηση. Παγκοσμίως, οι διάσειση υπολογίζεται ότι επηρεάζει περισσότερους από 3,5 ανά 1.000 άτομα ετησίως. Ταξινομείται ως ήπια κρανιοεγκεφαλική κάκωση (λέγεται και τραυματική εγκεφαλική βλάβη), γιατί συνήθως δεν είναι απειλητική για τη ζωή, και είναι ο πιο κοινός τύπος της κάκωσης αυτής. La conmoción cerebral o concusión es el tipo de traumatismo cerebral más común y de menor gravedad. Técnicamente, una concusión es una pérdida de conocimiento por un corto período de tiempo como resultado de una lesión en la cabeza provocada por un traumatismo que interrumpe la función normal del cerebro. En el lenguaje corriente, el término ha pasado a significar cualquier lesión de menor gravedad de la cabeza o del cerebro.​ Puede implicar desajustes en las neuronas sin que exista daño estructural obvio. Tras una conmoción cerebral, este órgano queda momentáneamente bloqueado. Puede haber o no pérdida de consciencia, pero generalmente se observa confusión o problemas de memoria. El riesgo de muerte es prácticamente nulo. Los síntomas se suelen resolver en unas semanas, pero pueden persistir algunos problemas, que rara vez son permanentes. Cerca del 75 % de los niños se recuperan antes de 3 meses. 뇌진탕(腦震蕩, concussion)은 머리에 센 충격이 가해졌을 때 일시적으로 의식 장애를 일으키는 것이다. 고식적인 의미의 뇌진탕은 의식장애가 동반해야하며 이외에 두통, 이명 . , 어지러움, 흐릿한 시야, 복시 등이며 감정조절에 문제가 생길 수도 있다. 최근 국내(대한민국)에서는 의식장애가 없이 외상 후 발생한 두통 등의 경미한 증상조차 뇌진탕 진단을 주고 있는데, 이것은 분쟁에 대한 의료인의 면피 목적의 진단이다. 뇌진탕은 뇌손상이 없지만 환자가 호소하는 주관적 증상이 있을 때 주는 진단이고, 기질적 뇌손상이 없기 때문에 중장기 합병증이나 사망을 야기하지 않으며 자연회복 된다. 중장기 합병증이나 장애가 남는다면 뇌진탕이 아닌 다른 뇌손상을 의심해 봐야한다. 腦震盪是一種常見而較輕微的腦部創傷病症，指病人因為意外或頭部被猛烈撞擊使腦部受震而引发的症候群。其特点为短暂的失憶，清醒后常有头疼、恶心、呕吐等症状，但无任何神经系统缺损。台灣亦有文獻把 “Brainstorming” 譯成“腦震盪”，但“Brainstorming”更普遍的譯名為腦力激盪法，又称头脑风暴。 Is éard atá i gceist le comhtholgadh ná staid inchúlaithe neamhaireachtála a fhéadfaidh tarlú díreach i ndiaidh buille trom don cheann, ach a leanann níos faide ná an tráma féin. Nuair a thagann duine chuige féin bíonn a chuimhne ar an taisme lagaithe, agus ar ar tharla roimhe sin freisin b'fhéidir (aimnéise aisiompaithe). Ní bhíonn damáiste garbh déanta don inchinn, ach anois is arís damáiste inchúlaithe do néaróin.
dbo:thumbnail
n163:300
dbp:caption
Acceleration can exert rotational forces in the brain, especially the midbrain and diencephalon.
dbp:date
July 2020 August 2019
dbp:frequency
6
dbp:wordnet_type
n93:synset-disease-noun-1
dbp:complications
dbr:Post-concussion_syndrome dbr:Chronic_traumatic_encephalopathy n160:s_disease n260:
dbp:prevention
Head protection equipment, like hard hats, gridiron football, motorcycle, or bicycle helmets
dbp:risks
Drinking alcohol, playing contact sports such as American football, previous history of concussion
dbp:diagnosis
Based on symptoms
dbp:icd
S06.0 850
dbp:meshid
D001924
dbp:symptoms
Headache; trouble with thinking, memory, or concentration; nausea; blurry vision; sleep disturbances; mood changes
dbp:treatment
Physical and cognitive rest for a day or two with a gradual return to activities
dbp:emedicinesubj
aaem
dbp:emedicinetopic
123
dbp:duration
Up to 4 weeks
dbp:field
dbr:Emergency_medicine dbr:Neurology
dbp:synonyms
Mild brain injury, mild traumatic brain injury , mild head injury , minor head trauma
dbp:medication
dbr:NSAIDs dbr:Paracetamol
dbo:icd10
S06.0
dbo:medlinePlus
000799
dbo:eMedicineSubject
aaem
dbo:eMedicineTopic
123
dbo:meshId
D001924
dbo:complications
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy,Parkinson's disease,depression,post-concussion syndrome
dbo:medicalCause
dbr:Motor_vehicle_collisions dbr:Bicycle_accidents n98: dbr:Concussions_in_sport
dbo:medication
dbr:Paracetamol dbr:NSAIDs
dbo:symptom
dbr:Headache dbr:Blurry_vision dbr:Memory dbr:Mood_changes
dbo:icd9
850
dbo:wikiPageLength
112953
dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate
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