. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Alfabet Karia adalah sejumlah ragam alfabet yang digunakan untuk menulis bahasa Karia yang dituturkan di Anatolia barat. Alfabet ini memiliki 30 huruf, dengan beberapa ragam bentuk di Karia dan sejauh delta sungai Nil, karena mencatat tentara bayaran Karia yang berjuang membela firaun Mesir. Alfabet ini ditulis dari kiri ke kanan di Karia, kecuali kota Karia-Lidia bernama dan Mesir yang ditulis dari kanan ke kiri."@in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Les alphabets cariens sont un ensemble r\u00E9gional d'alphabets utilis\u00E9es pour \u00E9crire la langue carienne de l'ouest de l'Anatolie. Ils sont constitu\u00E9s d'une trentaine de lettres, avec plusieurs variantes g\u00E9ographiques en Carie et une variante homog\u00E8ne attest\u00E9e dans le delta du Nil, o\u00F9 des mercenaires cariens combattaient pour les pharaons \u00C9gyptiens. Ils s'\u00E9crivaient de gauche \u00E0 droite en Carie (en dehors de la ville de Tralleis) et de droite \u00E0 gauche en \u00C9gypte. Le d\u00E9chiffrement du carien, commenc\u00E9 par John Ray en 1981, a \u00E9t\u00E9 effectu\u00E9 principalement au moyen d'inscriptions fun\u00E9raires bilingues \u00E9gypto\u2013cariennes. Auparavant, seules quelques valeurs phon\u00E9tiques et la nature alphab\u00E9tique de l'\u00E9criture avaient \u00E9t\u00E9 d\u00E9montr\u00E9es. Les lectures de Ray de ses successeurs ont \u00E9t\u00E9 confirm\u00E9es pour l'essentie"@fr . . . . . . . . "Carian alphabets"@en . . . . . "Alfabet Karia adalah sejumlah ragam alfabet yang digunakan untuk menulis bahasa Karia yang dituturkan di Anatolia barat. Alfabet ini memiliki 30 huruf, dengan beberapa ragam bentuk di Karia dan sejauh delta sungai Nil, karena mencatat tentara bayaran Karia yang berjuang membela firaun Mesir. Alfabet ini ditulis dari kiri ke kanan di Karia, kecuali kota Karia-Lidia bernama dan Mesir yang ditulis dari kanan ke kiri. Alfabet Karia ditulis pada prasasti makam Mesir\u2013Karia, diuraikan oleh John Ray pada tahun 1981; sebelumnya hanya beberapa huruf yang diketahui penguraiannya karena mirip dengan alfabet Yunani. Penguraian oleh Ray dan cendekiawan berikutnya dicoba pada prasasti dwibahasa Karia\u2013Yunani yang ditemukan di pada tahun 1996, yang pertama kalinya berhasil menguraikan nama orang, tetapi masih banyak huruf belum diketahui secara pasti mewakili fonem yang jelas, dan masih terdapat sedikit huruf yang belum diketahui cara pembacaannya."@in . . . . . . "Alfabeto cario"@es . . . . "1106580506"^^ . . . . . . "\u30AB\u30EA\u30A2\u6587\u5B57\uFF08\u30AB\u30EA\u30A2\u3082\u3058\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30A2\u30CA\u30C8\u30EA\u30A2\u534A\u5CF6\u897F\u5357\u90E8\u306E\u30AB\u30EA\u30A2\u3067\u30AB\u30EA\u30A2\u8A9E\u3092\u8868\u3059\u305F\u3081\u306B\u4F7F\u308F\u308C\u305F\u6587\u5B57\u3002\u7D00\u5143\u524D7\u4E16\u7D00\u304B\u3089\u7D00\u5143\u524D3\u4E16\u7D00\u306B\u304B\u3051\u3066\u4F5C\u3089\u308C\u305F\u7891\u6587\u304C\u3001\u30A8\u30B8\u30D7\u30C8\u3001\u30AB\u30EA\u30A2\u3001\u30AE\u30EA\u30B7\u30A2\u306B\u6B8B\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002 \u30AE\u30EA\u30B7\u30A2\u6587\u5B57\u306B\u4F3C\u305F\u30A2\u30EB\u30D5\u30A1\u30D9\u30C3\u30C8\u3067\u3042\u308B\u304C\u3001\u305D\u306E\u97F3\u4FA1\u306F\u540C\u3058\u5F62\u306E\u30AE\u30EA\u30B7\u30A2\u6587\u5B57\u3068\u307E\u3063\u305F\u304F\u7570\u306A\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002 \u30AB\u30EA\u30A2\u6587\u5B57\u306E\u7891\u6587\u306F19\u4E16\u7D00\u304B\u3089\u77E5\u3089\u308C\u3066\u3044\u305F\u304C\u30011990\u5E74\u4EE3\u306B\u306A\u3063\u3066\u3088\u3046\u3084\u304F\u8AAD\u307F\u65B9\u304C\u5224\u660E\u3057\u305F\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . "\u30AB\u30EA\u30A2\u6587\u5B57"@ja . "Inscription in Carian of the name"@en . . . . "Cari"@en . . "17479"^^ . . . . . . . . "7"^^ . . . "The Carian alphabets are a number of regional scripts used to write the Carian language of western Anatolia. They consisted of some 30 alphabetic letters, with several geographic variants in Caria and a homogeneous variant attested from the Nile delta, where Carian mercenaries fought for the Egyptian pharaohs. They were written left-to-right in Caria (apart from the Carian\u2013Lydian city of Tralleis) and right-to-left in Egypt. Carian was deciphered primarily through Egyptian\u2013Carian bilingual tomb inscriptions, starting with John Ray in 1981; previously only a few sound values and the alphabetic nature of the script had been demonstrated. The readings of Ray and subsequent scholars were largely confirmed with a Carian\u2013Greek bilingual inscription discovered in Kaunos in 1996, which for the first time verified personal names, but the identification of many letters remains provisional and debated, and a few are wholly unknown. The Carian alphabet resembles the Greek alphabet, but the exact Greek variant from which it could have originated, hasn't yet been identified. The main reason for this is that some of the Greek letters have different sound values in Carian. Two hypotheses have been suggested to explain this. The first is that the Greek letters were randomly attributed to phonetic values; though some letters retained their Greek value. The second proposed by Adiego (2007), is \"that the Carian alphabet underwent a strong process of cursivisation, dramatically changing the form of many letters. At a certain point this graphic system underwent a change to 'capital' letters, for which the Greek capital letters were used as models - but now only from a formal point of view, disregarding their phonetic values (...).\"."@en . . . "Alfabet Karia"@in . . . "Les alphabets cariens sont un ensemble r\u00E9gional d'alphabets utilis\u00E9es pour \u00E9crire la langue carienne de l'ouest de l'Anatolie. Ils sont constitu\u00E9s d'une trentaine de lettres, avec plusieurs variantes g\u00E9ographiques en Carie et une variante homog\u00E8ne attest\u00E9e dans le delta du Nil, o\u00F9 des mercenaires cariens combattaient pour les pharaons \u00C9gyptiens. Ils s'\u00E9crivaient de gauche \u00E0 droite en Carie (en dehors de la ville de Tralleis) et de droite \u00E0 gauche en \u00C9gypte. Le d\u00E9chiffrement du carien, commenc\u00E9 par John Ray en 1981, a \u00E9t\u00E9 effectu\u00E9 principalement au moyen d'inscriptions fun\u00E9raires bilingues \u00E9gypto\u2013cariennes. Auparavant, seules quelques valeurs phon\u00E9tiques et la nature alphab\u00E9tique de l'\u00E9criture avaient \u00E9t\u00E9 d\u00E9montr\u00E9es. Les lectures de Ray de ses successeurs ont \u00E9t\u00E9 confirm\u00E9es pour l'essentiel par une inscription bilingue carien-grec d\u00E9couverte \u00E0 Kaunos en 1996, qui a permis pour la premi\u00E8re fois de v\u00E9rifier des noms de personnes. Cependant, l'identification de nombreuses lettres reste provisoire et d\u00E9battue, et quelques-unes sont totalement inconnues."@fr . . . "L'alfabeto cario veniva usato per scrivere la lingua caria. Questo sistema di scrittura consisteva di quasi 45 segni e si pensa quasi certamente che sia un alfabeto. Le iscrizioni carie sono state ritrovate sia nella Caria propriamente detta (Turchia sud-occidentale) sia nel delta del Nilo, dove i mercenari cari combattevano per il faraone egiziano. Molti segni dell'alfabeto cario assomigliano ai caratteri greci, ma recentemente si \u00E8 scoperto che di solito il loro valore fonetico \u00E8 molto differente:"@it . . . . . . ","@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Alphabet"@en . . . "El alfabeto o alfabetos carios es una escritura alfab\u00E9tica que se utilizaba para escribir el idioma cario de Anatolia occidental. Consist\u00EDan en unas 30 letras, con variaciones geogr\u00E1ficas en las distintas \u00E1reas de Caria y una variante homog\u00E9nea atestiguada en el delta del Nilo, donde los mercenarios carios lucharon por los faraones egipcios."@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Alphabets cariens"@fr . . . . . . . . . . "The Carian alphabets are a number of regional scripts used to write the Carian language of western Anatolia. They consisted of some 30 alphabetic letters, with several geographic variants in Caria and a homogeneous variant attested from the Nile delta, where Carian mercenaries fought for the Egyptian pharaohs. They were written left-to-right in Caria (apart from the Carian\u2013Lydian city of Tralleis) and right-to-left in Egypt."@en . . . "Carian kulaldis.png"@en . . "Carian"@en . . "L'alfabeto cario veniva usato per scrivere la lingua caria. Questo sistema di scrittura consisteva di quasi 45 segni e si pensa quasi certamente che sia un alfabeto. Le iscrizioni carie sono state ritrovate sia nella Caria propriamente detta (Turchia sud-occidentale) sia nel delta del Nilo, dove i mercenari cari combattevano per il faraone egiziano. Molti segni dell'alfabeto cario assomigliano ai caratteri greci, ma recentemente si \u00E8 scoperto che di solito il loro valore fonetico \u00E8 molto differente: \n* La \u0393 e \u039B carie hanno un valore fonetico di 'b' (invece di 'g' e 'l' greco, rispettivamente) \n* La \u0394 caria ha un valore fonetico di 'l' (invece di 'd' greco) \n* La E caria ha un valore fonetico di '\u00F9' (invece di 'e' greco) \n* La F caria ha un valore fonetico di 'r' (invece di 'w' greco) \n* La I caria ha un valore fonetico di '\u03BB' (una liquida come l o r) (invece di 'i' greco) \n* La N caria ha un valore fonetico di 'm' (invece di 'n' greco) \n* La C caria ha un valore fonetico di 'd' (invece di 's' greco) \n* La \u03A6 caria ha un valore fonetico di '\u00F1' (una nasale) (invece di 'ph' greco) \n* La \u03A8 caria ha un valore fonetico di 'n' (una nasale) (invece di 'ps' greco) Finora per circa 27 dei 45 segni \u00E8 stato proposto un valore fonetico che \u00E8 considerato reale o accettabile."@it . "El alfabeto o alfabetos carios es una escritura alfab\u00E9tica que se utilizaba para escribir el idioma cario de Anatolia occidental. Consist\u00EDan en unas 30 letras, con variaciones geogr\u00E1ficas en las distintas \u00E1reas de Caria y una variante homog\u00E9nea atestiguada en el delta del Nilo, donde los mercenarios carios lucharon por los faraones egipcios. Escritos de izquierda a derecha en Caria (excepto en la ciudad cario-lidia de Tralleis) y de derecha a izquierda en Egipto este alfabeto se descifr\u00F3 principalmente a trav\u00E9s de inscripciones de tumbas biling\u00FCes egipcio-carias, comenzando con John Ray en 1981; anteriormente solo se hab\u00EDan demostrado unos pocos valores sonoros y la naturaleza alfab\u00E9tica de la escritura. Las lecturas de Ray y los estudiosos posteriores se confirmaron en gran medida con una inscripci\u00F3n biling\u00FCe cario-griega descubierta en Kaunos en 1996, que verific\u00F3 por primera vez los nombres personales, pero la identificaci\u00F3n de muchas letras sigue siendo provisional y debatida, y algunas son totalmente desconocidas."@es . . . . . "Alfabeto cario"@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "6602738"^^ . . . "\u30AB\u30EA\u30A2\u6587\u5B57\uFF08\u30AB\u30EA\u30A2\u3082\u3058\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30A2\u30CA\u30C8\u30EA\u30A2\u534A\u5CF6\u897F\u5357\u90E8\u306E\u30AB\u30EA\u30A2\u3067\u30AB\u30EA\u30A2\u8A9E\u3092\u8868\u3059\u305F\u3081\u306B\u4F7F\u308F\u308C\u305F\u6587\u5B57\u3002\u7D00\u5143\u524D7\u4E16\u7D00\u304B\u3089\u7D00\u5143\u524D3\u4E16\u7D00\u306B\u304B\u3051\u3066\u4F5C\u3089\u308C\u305F\u7891\u6587\u304C\u3001\u30A8\u30B8\u30D7\u30C8\u3001\u30AB\u30EA\u30A2\u3001\u30AE\u30EA\u30B7\u30A2\u306B\u6B8B\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002 \u30AE\u30EA\u30B7\u30A2\u6587\u5B57\u306B\u4F3C\u305F\u30A2\u30EB\u30D5\u30A1\u30D9\u30C3\u30C8\u3067\u3042\u308B\u304C\u3001\u305D\u306E\u97F3\u4FA1\u306F\u540C\u3058\u5F62\u306E\u30AE\u30EA\u30B7\u30A2\u6587\u5B57\u3068\u307E\u3063\u305F\u304F\u7570\u306A\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002 \u30AB\u30EA\u30A2\u6587\u5B57\u306E\u7891\u6587\u306F19\u4E16\u7D00\u304B\u3089\u77E5\u3089\u308C\u3066\u3044\u305F\u304C\u30011990\u5E74\u4EE3\u306B\u306A\u3063\u3066\u3088\u3046\u3084\u304F\u8AAD\u307F\u65B9\u304C\u5224\u660E\u3057\u305F\u3002"@ja . .