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Galectina جالكتين Galectin
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Las galectinas son lectinas del tipo S (SiaLac-Lectin), proteínas que contienen dominios de reconocimiento a carbohidratos (CRD) ​ específicamente β-galactósidos​ con repeticiones de ácido siálico conformado por glicoconjugados ricos en N-acetilglucosamina.​ Las galectinas (Lectinas tipo S) juegan un importante papel en diferentes procesos relacionados con la respuesta inmunitaria.​ Galectins are a class of proteins that bind specifically to β-galactoside sugars, such as N-acetyllactosamine (Galβ1-3GlcNAc or Galβ1-4GlcNAc), which can be bound to proteins by either N-linked or O-linked glycosylation. They are also termed S-type lectins due to their dependency on disulphide bonds for stability and carbohydrate binding. There have been about 15 galectins discovered in mammals, encoded by the LGALS genes, which are numbered in a consecutive manner. Only galectin-1, -2, -3, -4, -7, -7B, -8, -9, -9B, 9C, -10, -12, -13, -14, and -16 have been identified in humans. Galectin-5 and -6 are found in rodents, whereas galectin-11 and -15 are uniquely found in sheep and goats. Members of the galectin family have also been discovered in other mammals, birds, amphibians, fish, nematod الجالكتينات هي مجموعة من البروتينات ترتبط بسكريات ، اكتُشِف حتى الآن في البشر 15 جالاكتين، يرمَّزوا بواسطة جينات LGALS.
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Galectins are a class of proteins that bind specifically to β-galactoside sugars, such as N-acetyllactosamine (Galβ1-3GlcNAc or Galβ1-4GlcNAc), which can be bound to proteins by either N-linked or O-linked glycosylation. They are also termed S-type lectins due to their dependency on disulphide bonds for stability and carbohydrate binding. There have been about 15 galectins discovered in mammals, encoded by the LGALS genes, which are numbered in a consecutive manner. Only galectin-1, -2, -3, -4, -7, -7B, -8, -9, -9B, 9C, -10, -12, -13, -14, and -16 have been identified in humans. Galectin-5 and -6 are found in rodents, whereas galectin-11 and -15 are uniquely found in sheep and goats. Members of the galectin family have also been discovered in other mammals, birds, amphibians, fish, nematodes, sponges, and some fungi. Unlike the majority of lectins they are not membrane bound, but soluble proteins with both intra- and extracellular functions. They have distinct but overlapping distributions but found primarily in the cytosol, nucleus, extracellular matrix or in circulation. Although many galectins must be secreted, they do not have a typical signal peptide required for classical secretion. The mechanism and reason for this non-classical secretion pathway is unknown. Las galectinas son lectinas del tipo S (SiaLac-Lectin), proteínas que contienen dominios de reconocimiento a carbohidratos (CRD) ​ específicamente β-galactósidos​ con repeticiones de ácido siálico conformado por glicoconjugados ricos en N-acetilglucosamina.​ Se encuentran clasificadas en tres tipos: “proto-type”(galectinas-1, -2, -7, -10) compuesta por monómeros o homodímeros con igual CRD unidos no-covalentemente, “chimera-type” (galectina-3) monómeros u oligómeros con dominios de unión a lectina que incluye un carboxilo terminal con prolina o glicina y un N-terminal rico en tirosina, por último, el tipo “ tándem -repeat” (galectinas-4, -8, -9, -12) con dos CRD en sus extremos carboxilo y amino que reconocer distintos carbohidratos unidos por un ​ substrato de trombina.​ Las lectinas del tipo S se encuentran ampliamente distribuidas en el tejido animal ​ y están implicadas en respuesta inmunitaria y oncogénesis mediando la interacción célula - célula, diferenciación, adhesión y motilidad uniendo por sus extremos complejos de ácido siálico. ​ Además muestran reducir la movilidad de los gangliósidos en la superficie celular.​ Las galectinas (Lectinas tipo S) juegan un importante papel en diferentes procesos relacionados con la respuesta inmunitaria.​ الجالكتينات هي مجموعة من البروتينات ترتبط بسكريات ، اكتُشِف حتى الآن في البشر 15 جالاكتين، يرمَّزوا بواسطة جينات LGALS.
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