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Assimilation culturelle Kultura asimilado Cultural assimilation Asimilasi (sosial) Asymilacja kulturowa استيعاب ثقافي Assimilation (sociologi) 문화 동화 Assimilation (Soziologie) Asimilace (sociologie) Assimilação cultural Ассимиляция (социология) Culturele assimilatie Asimilación cultural Kultura-asimilazio Assimilació cultural 同化 Assimilazione culturale Асиміляція (культурна)
rdfs:comment
Assimilation bezeichnet in der Soziologie die Angleichung einer gesellschaftlichen Gruppe an eine andere unter Aufgabe eigener Kulturgüter und ist demnach eine Form der Akkulturation und ein Prozess des Kulturwandels. Umstritten ist, ob es sich beim Konzept der Assimilation um ein gezieltes Aufzwingen der Eigenschaften und Einstellungen der dominanten Gesellschaft (Dominanzkultur) handelt oder ob Assimilation lediglich empirische Voraussetzung zur Erreichung gleicher Lebenschancen darstellt, ohne dass damit eine Wertung der Eigenschaften von Minderheiten verbunden wäre. Assimilació cultural és com s'anomena al procés d'integració d'un grup etno-cultural tal com els immigrants, grups ètnics minoritaris i altres dins del que es té establert com el comú a una comunitat més gran o dominant. La presumpció que aquests elements generals són la garantia de la convivència cultural dins d'un estat o territori, és la que motiva l'inici d'aquest procés. L'assimilació cultural s'oposa a la filosofia positiva (per exemple, el multiculturalisme), que reconeix i treballa per mantenir les diferències. Assimilação cultural ou assimilação social é o processo pelo qual pessoas ou grupos de pessoas adquirem características culturais de outros grupos sociais. O termo é algumas vezes utilizado em relação a imigrantes de vários grupos étnicos que se estabeleceram em uma região. Novos costumes e atitudes são adquiridos através do contato e comunicação, no qual cada grupo de imigrantes contribui com um pouco de seu próprio traço cultural na nova sociedade. A assimilação cultural normalmente envolve uma mudança gradual e ocorre em vários níveis, tornando-se completa quando novos membros da sociedade se tornam irreconhecíveis em relação aos antigos. 文化同化(Cultural assimilation),或同化政策在社會學上是指個人或團體,被融入非原本,但具社會支配地位的民族傳統文化的過程。同化原本是生物學的概念(参见同化 (生物学)),後來被社會學借用。 Культу́рна асиміля́ція (англ. cultural assimilation; від лат. assimilatio, «уподібнення») — процес прийняття певним народом або спільнотою культури (мови, цінностей, звичаїв) та самосвідомості (ідентичності) іншого народу або спільноти. Розчинення асимільованого народу або спільноти із народом або спільнотою, що проводить (зазвичай, є чисельнішим, посідає панівні позиції в державі тощо). Наслідок асиміляції — втрата первісної культури та самосвідомості. Асиміляція може бути природною (добровільною) або штучною (насильницькою), повною або частковою. Прикладами культурної асиміляції є романізація європейських народів античності; китаїзація степових народів середньовіччя; русифікація східноєвропейських та сибірських народів нового часу тощо. Термін широко застосовується в етнографії, етнолог Kultura asimilado estas koncepto en la sociologio por indiki procezon de unuflanka per kiu anoj de etno-kultura grupo (kiel enmigrintoj aŭ malplimultoj) kunfandiĝas en aŭ estas ensorbitaj de solida, ĝenerale pli granda komunumo aŭ kulturo. Tiu ĉi supozas ĉe la ensorbita grupo la perdon de iuj karakterizaj karakterizaĵoj, ekzemple, en la kampo de vestaĵoj, parolmanieroj rezulte de la kontakto kun alia kulturo aŭ komunumo. Kulturell assimilation eller assimilering (från latin assimilátio, "göra lik", "efterbilda"), syftar på den process genom vilken en person eller en etnisk grupp som utgör ett minoritetsfolk efterliknar majoritetsbefolkningens kultur och (när processen är fullständig) helt överger sin egen kultur. Därmed försvinner de ursprungliga kulturskillnaderna och samhället blir en monokultur. Exempelvis kan invandrargrupper eller koloniserade ursprungsfolk överge sin kultur, antingen spontant eller efter religionsförföljelse och tvångsåtgärder, kallat assimilationspolitik. Människor och ordet assimilera; människor med olika bakgrund finner sig själva som del i en större nationell familj. Assimilation; Även den sociala processen med att sammanföra en kultur att i harmoni verka med en annan kultur. Cultural assimilation is the process in which a minority group or culture comes to resemble a society's majority group or assume the values, behaviors, and beliefs of another group whether fully or partially. The different types of cultural assimilation include full assimilation and forced assimilation; full assimilation being the most prevalent of the two, as it occurs spontaneously. Assimilation could also involve the so-called additive acculturation wherein, instead of replacing the ancestral culture, an individual expands their existing cultural repertoire. Asimilasi adalah pembauran satu kebudayaan yang disertai dengan hilangnya ciri khas kebudayaan asli sehingga membentuk kebudayaan baru. Asimilisi muncul apabila ada golongan masyarakat dengan latar belakang budaya yang berbeda begaul langsung secara intensif dengan waktu yang lama. Suatu asimilasi ditandai oleh usaha-usaha mengurangi perbedaan antara orang atau kelompok. Untuk mengurangi perbedaan itu, asimilasi meliputi usaha-usaha mempererat kesatuan tindakan, sikap, dan perasaan dengan memperhatikan kepentingan serta tujuan bersama. التمثل الثقافي أو الاستيعاب الثقافي هو العملية التي من خلالها تصبح ثقافة شخص أو مجموعة تشبه ثقافة مجموعة أخرى. ويستخدم المصطلح للإشارة إلى الأفراد والجماعات على حد سواء؛ يمكن أن تشير الحالة الأخيرة إلى المهاجرين الأجانب أو السكان المحليين الذين يهيمنون ثقافيا على مجتمع آخر. Asimilace (z lat. ad-similare, při-podobnit, přizpůsobit) v sociologii a v kulturní antropologii znamená přizpůsobení menšiny nebo přistěhovalce okolní většinové společnosti. Zahrnuje ovládnutí a přijetí většinového jazyka, obyčejů a kultury alespoň v té míře, aby odlišnosti nebránily ve společenském uplatnění, ale může znamenat i úplné splynutí s většinovou společností. Problém asimilace vyvstává ve dvou odlišných situacích: * při integraci lokálních menšin do větších národních společností a * při imigraci jednotlivých osob a skupin z jiného kulturního prostředí. Kultura-asimilazioa talde etno-kultural bat — hala nola etorkinak, talde etniko minoritarioak eta beste batzuk — komunitate handiago edo nagusi batean integratzeko prozesua izendatzeko modu bat da, komuntzat jotzen denaren barruan. Elementu orokor horiek estatu edo lurralde baten barruko bizikidetza kulturala bermatzen dutelako presuntzioak prozesu horren hasiera eragiten du. L'assimilazione culturale è un tipo particolare di acculturazione. Con questa espressione si intende quel processo per cui un individuo o un gruppo abbandona la propria cultura e cerca di assumere quella dominante. In ogni caso, questo processo porta alla perdita di tutte o molte delle caratteristiche culturali che rendevano il gruppo differente e distinguibile. Una regione o una società dove è avvenuto un qualsiasi tipo di assimilazione culturale è generalmente chiamata melting pot. Ассимиля́ция (лат. assimilatio — уподобление, усвоение) в социологии и этнографии — потеря одной частью социума (или целым этносом) своих отличительных черт и их замена позаимствованными у другой части (другого этноса). В целом это этнокультурный сдвиг в самосознании определённой социальной группы, ранее представлявшей иную общность в плане языка, религии или культуры. Распространенный термин, применяемый в Европе. Culturele assimilatie (ook wel kortweg assimilatie) is het socialisatieproces van acculturatie waarbij leden van een niet-dominante groep zich mengen met de dominante groep en daar de cultuur van overnemen, terwijl de eigen cultuur wordt losgelaten en contact met de andere leden van de eigen groep niet wordt nagestreefd op basis van afkomst. Er is dus een hoge graad van participatie met en aanpassing aan de andere groep (outgroup), maar nauwelijks van en geen opzettelijke participatie met de eigen groep (ingroup). Er wordt ook wel gesproken over een smeltkroes. Asimilación cultural es un modo de designar el proceso de integración de un grupo etno-cultural — tal como los inmigrantes, grupos étnicos minoritarios y otros — en una comunidad mayor o dominante, dentro de lo que se considera establecido como lo común. La presunción de que dichos elementos generales garantizan la convivencia cultural dentro de un estado o territorio motiva el inicio de dicho proceso. L'assimilation culturelle est la pratique qui consiste à exiger d’une personne étrangère qu'elle adopte les mêmes comportements, les mêmes us et coutumes et traditions que la population qui l'accueille. En sociologie, l’assimilation est un processus social de convergence des comportements et des représentations. Le traitement de ce sujet devient central lorsqu'une nation est confrontée aux phénomènes de migrations humaines. Il constitue souvent un moyen politique visant à l’intégration des étrangers. Il s’agit dans ce cas d’une entreprise de l’État, dans le cadre d’une politique d’intégration. Asymilacja kulturowa – proces określający całokształt zmian społecznych i psychicznych, jakim ulegają jednostki, odłączając się od swojej grupy i przystosowując się do życia w innej grupie o odmiennej kulturze. Proces asymilacji składa się z trzech faz: * akulturacja – przyjęcie przez migrantów (mniejszość) wzorów zachowań społeczności gospodarzy (grupy dominującej), * asymilacja strukturalna – przenikanie migrantów do grup i instytucji społeczeństwa gospodarzy, * asymilacja identyfikacyjna – rozwinięcie poczucia przynależności migrantów jedynie do społeczności gospodarzy. 문화 동화(文化同化, 영어: cultural assimilation)는 어떤 민족이 다른 민족에서부터 문화 전통을 받아들이는 것을 말한다. 역사적으로 오래전부터 있었다. 일본에서는 동화정책(일본어: 同化政策)이라고 한다.
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Kultura-asimilazioa talde etno-kultural bat — hala nola etorkinak, talde etniko minoritarioak eta beste batzuk — komunitate handiago edo nagusi batean integratzeko prozesua izendatzeko modu bat da, komuntzat jotzen denaren barruan. Elementu orokor horiek estatu edo lurralde baten barruko bizikidetza kulturala bermatzen dutelako presuntzioak prozesu horren hasiera eragiten du. Prozesu horretan, asimilaturiko taldeak, oro har, bere originaltasuna, partzialki edo erabat, galdu egiten du, hala nola, hitz egiteko modua, hizkuntza edo dialektoa, hizketan dituen berezitasunak, tradizioak, izateko moduak eta bere kultura-nortasunaren beste elementu batzuk, gizarte edo kultura nagusiarekin harremanetan jartzen denean. Asimilazioa borondatezkoa izan daiteke, etorkinen ohiko kasua bezala; edo behartua izan daiteke, kolonizazio-prozesuetan dagoen estatu jakin baten barruan etnia minoritario askori gertatzen zaien bezala. Kultura-asimilazio prozesuak gizateriaren historia osoan zehar gertatu dira eta askok kultura berriak sortu dituzte. Adibidez, XV. mendeko Ameriketako europar kolonizazioak amerikartzea eragin zuen. Kulturell assimilation eller assimilering (från latin assimilátio, "göra lik", "efterbilda"), syftar på den process genom vilken en person eller en etnisk grupp som utgör ett minoritetsfolk efterliknar majoritetsbefolkningens kultur och (när processen är fullständig) helt överger sin egen kultur. Därmed försvinner de ursprungliga kulturskillnaderna och samhället blir en monokultur. Exempelvis kan invandrargrupper eller koloniserade ursprungsfolk överge sin kultur, antingen spontant eller efter religionsförföljelse och tvångsåtgärder, kallat assimilationspolitik. Människor och ordet assimilera; människor med olika bakgrund finner sig själva som del i en större nationell familj. Assimilation; Även den sociala processen med att sammanföra en kultur att i harmoni verka med en annan kultur. Assimilering är en av flera alternativa processer som kan inträffa vid ackulturation (kulturmöten). Samhällsvetare använder fyra primära riktmärken för att bedöma graden av assimilering: skillnader i socioekonomisk status, geografisk segregation, färdigheter i andraspråk samt förekomst av blandäktenskap. Asimilace (z lat. ad-similare, při-podobnit, přizpůsobit) v sociologii a v kulturní antropologii znamená přizpůsobení menšiny nebo přistěhovalce okolní většinové společnosti. Zahrnuje ovládnutí a přijetí většinového jazyka, obyčejů a kultury alespoň v té míře, aby odlišnosti nebránily ve společenském uplatnění, ale může znamenat i úplné splynutí s většinovou společností. Problém asimilace vyvstává ve dvou odlišných situacích: * při integraci lokálních menšin do větších národních společností a * při imigraci jednotlivých osob a skupin z jiného kulturního prostředí. Ассимиля́ция (лат. assimilatio — уподобление, усвоение) в социологии и этнографии — потеря одной частью социума (или целым этносом) своих отличительных черт и их замена позаимствованными у другой части (другого этноса). В целом это этнокультурный сдвиг в самосознании определённой социальной группы, ранее представлявшей иную общность в плане языка, религии или культуры. Ассимиляция может носить как добровольный характер — увлечение другой, более привлекательной культурой, межнациональные и межконфессиональные браки и т. п.; так и принудительный (насильственный) характер: военная аннексия, частичное истребление (геноцид), , законодательная деятельность, направленная на подавление тех или иных культурно-языковых явлений. Термин «ассимиляция» может восприниматься одновременно как процесс и как состояние. Во-первых, он обозначает процесс включения иммигрантов в принимающее общество. Во-вторых, под ассимиляцией понимают состояние сходства в манерах поведения, установках, ценностях у иммигрантов и представителей принимающего общества, нации. Распространенный термин, применяемый в Европе. Assimilació cultural és com s'anomena al procés d'integració d'un grup etno-cultural tal com els immigrants, grups ètnics minoritaris i altres dins del que es té establert com el comú a una comunitat més gran o dominant. La presumpció que aquests elements generals són la garantia de la convivència cultural dins d'un estat o territori, és la que motiva l'inici d'aquest procés. L'assimilació cultural s'oposa a la filosofia positiva (per exemple, el multiculturalisme), que reconeix i treballa per mantenir les diferències. En aquest procés, el grup que és absorbit i perd en general la seva originalitat de manera parcial o total com les seves maneres de parlar, el seu dialecte, les seves peculiaritats en la parla, les seves maneres de ser i altres elements de la seva identitat cultural quan entra en contacte amb la societat o cultura dominant. L'assimilació pot ser voluntària com és el cas en general dels immigrants o pot ser forçada com pot ser el cas de moltes ètnies minoritàries dins d'un estat determinat en processos de colonització. Processos d'assimilació cultural s'han presentat durant tota la història de la humanitat i molts han generat noves cultures. Per exemple, la Conquesta d'Amèrica per part de les potències europees dels segles xv a XIX va crear la majoria de les nacions americanes de l'actualitat. Un dels processos d'assimilació cultural contemporània més discutits és el de l'americanització que sol confondre's amb un més antic i ampli denominat l'occidentalització. Asimilación cultural es un modo de designar el proceso de integración de un grupo etno-cultural — tal como los inmigrantes, grupos étnicos minoritarios y otros — en una comunidad mayor o dominante, dentro de lo que se considera establecido como lo común. La presunción de que dichos elementos generales garantizan la convivencia cultural dentro de un estado o territorio motiva el inicio de dicho proceso. En este proceso, el grupo que es absorbido pierde por lo general su originalidad de manera parcial o total, como sus maneras de hablar, su lengua o dialecto, sus peculiaridades en el habla, sus prácticas, modos de ser y otros elementos de su identidad cultural cuando entra en contacto con la sociedad o cultura dominante. La asimilación puede ser voluntaria, como es el caso frecuente de los inmigrantes; o puede ser forzada, como ocurre a muchas etnias minoritarias dentro de un estado determinado en procesos de colonización. Procesos de asimilación cultural se han presentado durante toda la historia de la humanidad y muchos han generado nuevas culturas. Por ejemplo, la conquista de las Américas por parte de las potencias europeas de los siglos XV a americanización que suele confundirse con uno más antiguo y amplio denominado la occidentalización. Assimilação cultural ou assimilação social é o processo pelo qual pessoas ou grupos de pessoas adquirem características culturais de outros grupos sociais. O termo é algumas vezes utilizado em relação a imigrantes de vários grupos étnicos que se estabeleceram em uma região. Novos costumes e atitudes são adquiridos através do contato e comunicação, no qual cada grupo de imigrantes contribui com um pouco de seu próprio traço cultural na nova sociedade. A assimilação cultural normalmente envolve uma mudança gradual e ocorre em vários níveis, tornando-se completa quando novos membros da sociedade se tornam irreconhecíveis em relação aos antigos. L'assimilazione culturale è un tipo particolare di acculturazione. Con questa espressione si intende quel processo per cui un individuo o un gruppo abbandona la propria cultura e cerca di assumere quella dominante. Solitamente, i soggetti dell'assimilazione culturale sono gruppi etnico-linguistici di origine esterna rispetto ai paesi in cui sono residenti; pur tuttavia, il termine è impiegato anche in riferimento all'assorbimento di specifici gruppi autoctoni (portatori ugualmente di distinte culture e subculture minoritarie) in una comunità statale largamente istituzionalizzata, la cui cultura è ritenuta dal suddetto gruppo etnico minoritario come più sofisticata o prestigiosa rispetto alla propria. In ogni caso, questo processo porta alla perdita di tutte o molte delle caratteristiche culturali che rendevano il gruppo differente e distinguibile. Una regione o una società dove è avvenuto un qualsiasi tipo di assimilazione culturale è generalmente chiamata melting pot. L'assimilation culturelle est la pratique qui consiste à exiger d’une personne étrangère qu'elle adopte les mêmes comportements, les mêmes us et coutumes et traditions que la population qui l'accueille. Du point de vue de la personne assimilée, l'assimilation peut être décrite comme une forme d'acculturation. Elle correspond à une situation au cours de laquelle un individu ou un groupe abandonne totalement sa culture d'origine, volontairement ou de manière contrainte, pour adopter les valeurs, la langue et les pratiques culturelles d'un nouveau groupe en s'y conformant de manière plus ou moins profonde et complète. Celle-ci n'est qu'une des phases possibles de l'acculturation, et si elle se réalise, elle n'en sera que la phase terminale. Alors que le rayonnement culturel se propage par l'adhésion à la culture étrangère, l'assimilation, elle, peut faire l'objet d'un programme social structuré lorsqu'associé à un projet de société. En sociologie, l’assimilation est un processus social de convergence des comportements et des représentations. Le traitement de ce sujet devient central lorsqu'une nation est confrontée aux phénomènes de migrations humaines. Il constitue souvent un moyen politique visant à l’intégration des étrangers. Il s’agit dans ce cas d’une entreprise de l’État, dans le cadre d’une politique d’intégration. التمثل الثقافي أو الاستيعاب الثقافي هو العملية التي من خلالها تصبح ثقافة شخص أو مجموعة تشبه ثقافة مجموعة أخرى. ويستخدم المصطلح للإشارة إلى الأفراد والجماعات على حد سواء؛ يمكن أن تشير الحالة الأخيرة إلى المهاجرين الأجانب أو السكان المحليين الذين يهيمنون ثقافيا على مجتمع آخر. قد ينطوي الاستيعاب الثقافي على تغيير سريع أو تدريجي تبعا لظروف المجموعة. يحدث الاستيعاب الكامل عندما يصبح أعضاء جدد في مجتمع لا يمكن تمييزهم عن أعضاء المجموعة الأخرى. وسواء كان من المستصوب لمجموعة مهاجرة أن تستوعب كثيرا ما يتنازع عليها كل من أعضاء المجموعة ومجموعات المجتمع المهيمن. الاستيعاب الثقافي لا يضمن هوموفيلي الاجتماعية على الرغم من أن هذه المادة تنص على أن الحواجز الجغرافية وغيرها من الحواجز الطبيعية بين الثقافات حتى لو بدأت من قبل نفس الثقافة المهيمنة سيكون مختلفا ثقافيا. Cultural assimilation is the process in which a minority group or culture comes to resemble a society's majority group or assume the values, behaviors, and beliefs of another group whether fully or partially. The different types of cultural assimilation include full assimilation and forced assimilation; full assimilation being the most prevalent of the two, as it occurs spontaneously. During cultural assimilation, minority groups are expected to adapt to the everyday practices of the dominant culture through language and appearance as well as via more significant socioeconomic factors such as absorption into the local cultural and employment community. Some types of cultural assimilation resemble acculturation in which a minority group or culture completely assimilates into the dominant culture in which defining characteristics of the minority culture are less obverse or outright disappear; while in other types of cultural assimilation such as cultural integration mostly found in multicultural communities, a minority group within a given society adopts aspects of the dominant culture through either cultural diffusion or for practical reason like adapting to another society's social norms while retaining their original culture. A conceptualization describes cultural assimilation as similar to acculturation while another merely considers the former as one of the latter's phases. Throughout history there have been different forms of cultural assimilation examples of types of acculturation include voluntary and involuntary assimilation. Assimilation could also involve the so-called additive acculturation wherein, instead of replacing the ancestral culture, an individual expands their existing cultural repertoire. Asymilacja kulturowa – proces określający całokształt zmian społecznych i psychicznych, jakim ulegają jednostki, odłączając się od swojej grupy i przystosowując się do życia w innej grupie o odmiennej kulturze. Najczęściej o asymilacji mówi się w przypadku przystosowania się imigrantów do norm życia społecznego kraju, w którym się osiedlili bądź przedstawicieli mniejszości narodowych do norm zbiorowości (narodu) dominujących w danym kraju lub krainie. Zjawisko to może mieć naturalny, niewymuszony charakter; niekiedy państwa prowadzą aktywną politykę asymilacyjną, która ma prowadzić do wykorzenienia innych wartości kulturowych i narzucenia norm narodu panującego. Proces asymilacji składa się z trzech faz: * akulturacja – przyjęcie przez migrantów (mniejszość) wzorów zachowań społeczności gospodarzy (grupy dominującej), * asymilacja strukturalna – przenikanie migrantów do grup i instytucji społeczeństwa gospodarzy, * asymilacja identyfikacyjna – rozwinięcie poczucia przynależności migrantów jedynie do społeczności gospodarzy. Proces pełnej asymilacji może trwać dwa lub trzy pokolenia – czasami jednak zasymilowani potomkowie migrantów powracają do swoich korzeni kulturowych. Kultura asimilado estas koncepto en la sociologio por indiki procezon de unuflanka per kiu anoj de etno-kultura grupo (kiel enmigrintoj aŭ malplimultoj) kunfandiĝas en aŭ estas ensorbitaj de solida, ĝenerale pli granda komunumo aŭ kulturo. Tiu ĉi supozas ĉe la ensorbita grupo la perdon de iuj karakterizaj karakterizaĵoj, ekzemple, en la kampo de vestaĵoj, parolmanieroj rezulte de la kontakto kun alia kulturo aŭ komunumo. 문화 동화(文化同化, 영어: cultural assimilation)는 어떤 민족이 다른 민족에서부터 문화 전통을 받아들이는 것을 말한다. 역사적으로 오래전부터 있었다. 일본에서는 동화정책(일본어: 同化政策)이라고 한다. Культу́рна асиміля́ція (англ. cultural assimilation; від лат. assimilatio, «уподібнення») — процес прийняття певним народом або спільнотою культури (мови, цінностей, звичаїв) та самосвідомості (ідентичності) іншого народу або спільноти. Розчинення асимільованого народу або спільноти із народом або спільнотою, що проводить (зазвичай, є чисельнішим, посідає панівні позиції в державі тощо). Наслідок асиміляції — втрата первісної культури та самосвідомості. Асиміляція може бути природною (добровільною) або штучною (насильницькою), повною або частковою. Прикладами культурної асиміляції є романізація європейських народів античності; китаїзація степових народів середньовіччя; русифікація східноєвропейських та сибірських народів нового часу тощо. Термін широко застосовується в етнографії, етнології, етнопсихології, соціології, культурології, соціальній психології та інших дисциплінах. Culturele assimilatie (ook wel kortweg assimilatie) is het socialisatieproces van acculturatie waarbij leden van een niet-dominante groep zich mengen met de dominante groep en daar de cultuur van overnemen, terwijl de eigen cultuur wordt losgelaten en contact met de andere leden van de eigen groep niet wordt nagestreefd op basis van afkomst. Er is dus een hoge graad van participatie met en aanpassing aan de andere groep (outgroup), maar nauwelijks van en geen opzettelijke participatie met de eigen groep (ingroup). Er wordt ook wel gesproken over een smeltkroes. De betreffende groep gaat daarmee uiteindelijk op in de dominerende cultuur. Dit veronderstelt bij de geabsorbeerde groep het verlies van bepaalde onderscheidende kenmerken, bijvoorbeeld in de sfeer van kleding, spraak of manieren, ten gevolge van het contact met die andere cultuur of gemeenschap. Assimilation bezeichnet in der Soziologie die Angleichung einer gesellschaftlichen Gruppe an eine andere unter Aufgabe eigener Kulturgüter und ist demnach eine Form der Akkulturation und ein Prozess des Kulturwandels. Der Schwerpunkt kann auf dem Prozess oder auf dem Ergebnis liegen. Für das Verständnis der Prozesse auf gesellschaftlicher Ebene ist die individuelle Assimilation von der Assimilation von Gruppen zu unterscheiden. Empirisch steht die Verschmelzung einer Minderheit mit der Mehrheit im Vordergrund. Assimilation kann auf kultureller (Übernahme von Sprache, Bräuchen und Sitten), struktureller (Platzierung auf dem Arbeitsmarkt, im Schulsystem u. ä.), sozialer (Kontakt zu Mitgliedern anderer Gruppen) und emotionaler Ebene erfolgen. Umstritten ist, ob es sich beim Konzept der Assimilation um ein gezieltes Aufzwingen der Eigenschaften und Einstellungen der dominanten Gesellschaft (Dominanzkultur) handelt oder ob Assimilation lediglich empirische Voraussetzung zur Erreichung gleicher Lebenschancen darstellt, ohne dass damit eine Wertung der Eigenschaften von Minderheiten verbunden wäre. Üblicherweise wird mit der Assimilation von Einwanderern die Annahme der Sprache (bei gleichzeitiger Aufgabe ihrer eigenen) und der Gewohnheiten und Bräuche ihres Aufnahmelandes verbunden. So wird, z. B. in Bezug auf das 19. Jahrhundert, auch von einer Assimilation der Juden (siehe unten) in die Mehrheitsgesellschaften ihrer Heimatländer gesprochen. Die gezielte, auch insbesondere zwangsweise Herbeiführung einer Assimilation durch politische Maßnahmen wird als Assimilationspolitik bezeichnet. Als Beispiele weitgehender freiwilliger Assimilation gelten die in der neuen Gesamtgesellschaft aufgegangenen einstigen Einwanderergruppen in klassischen Einwanderungsländern wie Australien, Brasilien, Kanada, Neuseeland und den USA, oder auch die Ruhrpolen in Deutschland. 文化同化(Cultural assimilation),或同化政策在社會學上是指個人或團體,被融入非原本,但具社會支配地位的民族傳統文化的過程。同化原本是生物學的概念(参见同化 (生物学)),後來被社會學借用。 Asimilasi adalah pembauran satu kebudayaan yang disertai dengan hilangnya ciri khas kebudayaan asli sehingga membentuk kebudayaan baru. Asimilisi muncul apabila ada golongan masyarakat dengan latar belakang budaya yang berbeda begaul langsung secara intensif dengan waktu yang lama. Suatu asimilasi ditandai oleh usaha-usaha mengurangi perbedaan antara orang atau kelompok. Untuk mengurangi perbedaan itu, asimilasi meliputi usaha-usaha mempererat kesatuan tindakan, sikap, dan perasaan dengan memperhatikan kepentingan serta tujuan bersama. Hasil dari proses asimilasi yaitu semakin tipisnya batas perbedaan antarindividu dalam suatu kelompok, atau bisa juga batas-batas antarkelompok. Selanjutnya, individu melakukan identifikasi diri dengan kepentingan bersama. Artinya, menyesuaikan kemauannya dengan kemauan kelompok. Demikian pula antara kelompok yang satu dengan kelompok yang lain. Asimilasi dapat terbentuk apabila terdapat tiga persyaratan berikut: * Terdapat sejumlah kelompok yang memiliki kebudayaan berbeda * Terjadi pergaulan antarindividu atau kelompok secara intensif dan dalam waktu yang relatif lama * Kebudayaan masing-masing kelompok tersebut saling berubah dan menyesuaikan diri
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