About: Estimating the Diversity, Completeness, and Cross-Reactivity of the T Cell Repertoire

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An Entity of Type : schema:ScholarlyArticle, within Data Space : covidontheweb.inria.fr associated with source document(s)

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type	Academic Article research paper schema:ScholarlyArticle
isDefinedBy	Covid-on-the-Web dataset
has title	Estimating the Diversity, Completeness, and Cross-Reactivity of the T Cell Repertoire
Creator	Antia, Rustom Blattman, Joseph Castro, Mario Evavold, Brian Schoettle, Louis Zarnitsyna, Veronika
Source	Medline; PMC
abstract	In order to recognize and combat a diverse array of pathogens the immune system has a large repertoire of T cells having unique T cell receptors (TCRs) with only a few clones specific for any given antigen. We discuss how the number of different possible TCRs encoded in the genome (the potential repertoire) and the number of different TCRs present in an individual (the realized repertoire) can be measured. One puzzle is that the potential repertoire greatly exceeds the realized diversity of naïve T cells within any individual. We show that the existing hypotheses fail to explain why the immune system has the potential to generate far more diversity than is used in an individual, and propose an alternative hypothesis of “evolutionary sloppiness.” Another immunological puzzle is why mice and humans have similar repertoires even though humans have over 1000-fold more T cells. We discuss how the idea of the “protecton,” the smallest unit of protection, might explain this discrepancy and estimate the size of “protecton” based on available precursor frequencies data. We then consider T cell cross-reactivity – the ability of a T cell clone to respond to more than one epitope. We extend existing calculations to estimate the extent of expected cross-reactivity between the responses to different pathogens. Our results are consistent with two observations: a low probability of observing cross-reactivity between the immune responses to two randomly chosen pathogens; and the ensemble of memory cells being sufficiently diverse to generate cross-reactive responses to new pathogens.
has issue date	2013-12-26(xsd:dateTime)
bibo:doi	10.3389/fimmu.2013.00485
bibo:pmid	24421780
has license	cc-by
sha1sum (hex)	f8f49888663fdad58dabb5d7f9f8556b36d34587
schema:url	https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2013.00485
resource representing a document's title	Estimating the Diversity, Completeness, and Cross-Reactivity of the T Cell Repertoire
has PubMed Central identifier	PMC3872652
has PubMed identifier	24421780
schema:publication	Front Immunol
resource representing a document's body	covid:f8f49888663fdad58dabb5d7f9f8556b36d34587#body_text
is schema:about of	named entity 'REPERTOIRE' named entity 'immunological' named entity 'puzzle' named entity 'respond' named entity 'potential' named entity 'cross-reactivity' named entity 'potential' named entity 'number' named entity 'number' named entity 'individual' named entity 'hypotheses' named entity 'T cell' named entity 'GIVEN' named entity 'CROSS-REACTIVE' named entity 'CROSS' named entity 'T CELLS' named entity 'ESTIMATE' named entity 'CROSS' named entity 'RESULTS' named entity 'UNIQUE' named entity 'DIVERSITY' named entity 'OBSERVATIONS' named entity 'TO EXPLAIN' named entity '1000' named entity 'PRESENT' named entity 'COMBAT' named entity 'DIVERSE' named entity 'WHY' named entity 'BEING' named entity 'IMMUNE RESPONSES' named entity 'SIMILAR' named entity 'DISCREPANCY' named entity 'MEASURED' named entity 'MORE THAN ONE' named entity 'ABILITY' named entity 'IMMUNE SYSTEM' named entity 'PATHOGENS' named entity 'COMPLETENESS' named entity 'GREATLY' named entity 'BASED' named entity 'RESPOND TO' named entity 'PROTECTION' named entity 'ESTIMATING' named entity 'REACTIVITY' named entity 'THEORY' named entity 'DIVERSITY' named entity 'ARTICLE' named entity 'HYPOTHESIS' named entity 'T CELL' named entity 'CONSISTENT WITH' named entity 'FAR' named entity 'ANTIGEN' named entity 'ORDER' named entity 'EXTENT OF' named entity 'SMALLEST UNIT' named entity 'FAIL' named entity 'ENCODED' named entity 'EXPECTED' named entity 'CELL CLONE' named entity 'FOLD' named entity 'A T' named entity 'ARRAY' named entity 'CHOSEN' named entity 'HAVE' named entity 'LOW PROBABILITY' named entity 'ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS' named entity 'DIFFERENT' named entity 'ENSEMBLE' named entity 'IDEA' named entity 'CONSIDER' named entity 'FREQUENCIES' named entity 'TO RESPOND' named entity 'DISCUSS' named entity 'REPERTOIRE' named entity 'T CELL RECEPTORS' named entity 'MEMORY CELLS'

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