About: Pulmonary Complications

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An Entity of Type : schema:ScholarlyArticle, within Data Space : covidontheweb.inria.fr associated with source document(s)

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type	Academic Article research paper schema:ScholarlyArticle
isDefinedBy	Covid-on-the-Web dataset
has title	Pulmonary Complications
Creator	Barker, A Barker, Alan Barker, · Moulton, B Moulton, Bart
Source	PMC
abstract	After hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT), up to 60 % of patients develop pulmonary complications. In spite of antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal prophylaxis, reduced host defenses render the HSCT patient vulnerable to pulmonary and other infections in the early weeks and even months post-transplantation. This chapter suggests an integrative approach followed by a description of the most common pulmonary syndromes seen in HSCT patients, including diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH), idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (IPS), bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), and cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP). The high risk of developing pulmonary complications after HSCT necessitates a pre-transplant pulmonary workup. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are done prior to HSCT and include spirometry and diffusion capacity of carbon monoxide (DLCO). Low DLCO and alveolar–arterial oxygen gradient on PFTs carry increased mortality post-HSCT. Decreased DLCO and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) < 80 % are indicators of developing respiratory failure post-HSCT. Investigating new pulmonary complaints is challenging. All patients should undergo an extensive workup of new pulmonary findings, including dyspnea, cough, fever, and hypoxia. In the first 4–6 weeks post-HSCT, immunocompromised patients can develop bacterial pneumonia. Pathogens include gram-negative rods (Pseudomonas or Klebsiella), Staphylococcus aureus, and Nocardia. While chest X-rays could show typical lobar or multilobar opacities, computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest (noncontrast CT scans are adequate for workup of infectious processes) may yield additional characteristic findings (nodules, ground glass opacities, etc.). Fungal pneumonias, primarily aspergillus, can also develop in this early period. There is a very strong association between invasive Aspergillus pneumonia and neutropenia lasting more than 10 days. Viral pneumonia may develop as well in this patient population; however, it tends to occur later. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common viral pathogen, but with monitoring and preemptive therapy, the incidence has declined. Other viruses have emerged as pathogens, including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza, parainfluenza, and human metapneumovirus (see Chap. 17).
has issue date	2014-11-25(xsd:dateTime)
bibo:doi	10.1007/978-3-319-13832-9_22
has license	no-cc
sha1sum (hex)	d03900288f2905204fd34429de12b7a3eef70e7f
schema:url	https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13832-9_22
resource representing a document's title	Pulmonary Complications
has PubMed Central identifier	PMC7123908
schema:publication	Blood and Marrow Transplant Handbook
resource representing a document's body	covid:d03900288f2905204fd34429de12b7a3eef70e7f#body_text
is schema:about of	named entity 'HSCT' named entity 'USED' named entity 'DIAGNOSIS' named entity 'YEAR' named entity 'HEPATIC DYSFUNCTION' named entity 'USING' named entity 'VARIABLES' named entity 'MORTALITY' named entity 'RESTRICTIVE LUNG DISEASE' named entity 'restrictive lung disease' named entity 'Spirometry' named entity 'estimated' named entity 'score' named entity 'PAM' named entity 'conditioning regimen' named entity 'HSCT' named entity 'hematopoietic stem cell transplant' named entity 'Pulmonary Complications' named entity 'cough' named entity 'FEV1' named entity 'lung' named entity 'air trapping' named entity 'biopsy' named entity 'CMV' named entity 'navigational bronchoscopy' named entity 'mortality rates' named entity 'cisplatin' named entity 'HSCT' named entity 'FEV1' named entity 'amnesia' named entity 'amiodarone' named entity 'crackles' named entity 'FEV1' named entity 'biopsy' named entity 'pulmonary toxicity' named entity 'oxygen' named entity 'PCP' named entity 'lung biopsy' named entity 'Pulmonary function tests' named entity 'Older age' named entity 'respiratory failure' named entity 'DLCO' named entity 'FEV1/FVC' named entity 'ground glass opacities' named entity 'airflow obstruction' named entity 'HSCT' named entity 'wheezing' named entity 'Prussian blue' named entity 'fibrosis' named entity 'correlation' named entity 'TBI' named entity 'Risk factors' named entity 'prognosis' named entity 'Submucosal' named entity 'alveolar' named entity 'Pathogenesis' named entity 'ARDS' named entity 'Chest imaging' named entity 'lymphocytes' named entity 'international normalized ratio' named entity 'FVC' named entity 'cicatricial' named entity 'Allogenic' named entity 'HSCT' named entity 'macrophages' named entity 'mechanical ventilation' named entity 'respiratory failure' named entity 'viral pathogens' named entity 'alveolar-arterial gradient' named entity 'FEV1' named entity 'PCP' named entity 'Cytology' named entity 'macrophages' named entity 'COP' named entity 'alveolar ducts' named entity 'Recombinant factor VIIa' named entity 'acute lung injury' named entity 'platelet' named entity 'hemorrhage'

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