About: Non-detection of Helium in the Upper Atmospheres of Three Sub-Neptune Exoplanets

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About: Non-detection of Helium in the Upper Atmospheres of Three Sub-Neptune Exoplanets Goto Sponge NotDistinct Permalink

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type	Academic Article research paper schema:ScholarlyArticle
isDefinedBy	Covid-on-the-Web dataset
has title	Non-detection of Helium in the Upper Atmospheres of Three Sub-Neptune Exoplanets
Creator	Bean, Jacob Désert, Jean-Michel Kasper, David Kempton, M.-R Malsky, Isaac Mansfield, Megan Oklopčić, Antonija Rogers, Leslie
Source	ArXiv
abstract	We present a search for helium in the upper atmospheres of three sub-Neptune size planets to investigate the origins of these ubiquitous objects. The detection of helium for a low density planet would be strong evidence for the presence of a primary atmosphere accreted from the protoplanetary nebula because large amounts of helium are not expected in the secondary atmospheres of rocky planets. We used Keck+NIRSPEC to obtain high-resolution transit spectroscopy of the planets GJ1214b, GJ9827d, and HD97658b around the 10,833 Ang He triplet feature. We did not detect helium absorption for any of the planets despite achieving a high level of sensitivity. We used the non-detections to set limits on the planets' thermosphere temperatures and atmospheric loss rates by comparing grids of 1D models to the data. We also performed coupled interior structure and atmospheric loss calculations, which suggest that the bulk atmospheres (winds) of the planets would be at most modestly enhanced (depleted) in helium relative to their primordial composition. Our lack of detections of the helium triplet for GJ1214b and GJ9827d are inconsistent with the predictions of models for the present day mass loss on these planets at more than 5 sigma confidence. Higher signal-to-noise data would be needed to detect the helium feature predicted for HD97658b. We identify uncertainties in the EUV fluxes of the host stars and the lack of detailed mass loss models specifically for cool and metal-enhanced atmospheres as the main limitations to the interpretation of our results. Ultimately, our results suggest that the upper atmospheres of sub-Neptune planets are fundamentally different than those of gas giant planets.
has issue date	2020-07-25(xsd:dateTime)
has license	arxiv
sha1sum (hex)	cd0ec199e24efb6bec090f6c27ad3c097e3d1d5d
resource representing a document's title	Non-detection of Helium in the Upper Atmospheres of Three Sub-Neptune Exoplanets
resource representing a document's body	covid:cd0ec199e24efb6bec090f6c27ad3c097e3d1d5d#body_text
is schema:about of	named entity 'confidence' named entity 'spectroscopy' named entity 'Keck' named entity 'limitations' named entity 'planets' named entity 'atmospheres' named entity 'detailed' named entity 'protoplanetary nebula' named entity 'helium' named entity 'presence' named entity 'coupled' named entity 'atmospheres' named entity 'secondary' named entity 'data' named entity 'GJ 1214b' named entity 'mass loss' named entity 'investigate' named entity 'host' named entity 'NIRSPEC' named entity 'relative' named entity 'loss' named entity 'sensitivity' named entity 'detection' named entity 'absorption' named entity 'size' named entity 'atmospheres' named entity 'planets' named entity 'rocky planets' named entity 'predictions' named entity 'objects' named entity 'thermosphere' named entity 'cool' named entity 'set' named entity 'helium' named entity 'GJ 1214b' named entity 'signal-to-noise' named entity 'mass loss' named entity 'transit spectroscopy' named entity 'gas giant planets' named entity 'Helium' named entity 'helium' named entity 'best-fit' named entity 'absorption lines' named entity 'mass loss' named entity 'ionized hydrogen' named entity 'GJ 1214b' named entity 'data quality' named entity 'EUV' named entity '3.8' named entity 'rest frame' named entity '3,000' named entity 'mbar' named entity 'homopause' named entity 'helium' named entity '3 km' named entity 'mass loss' named entity 'transmission spectra' named entity 'GJ 1214b' named entity 'metastable' named entity 'high resolution' named entity 'Mauna Kea' named entity 'photons' named entity 'helium' named entity 'cosmic rays' named entity '1.1' named entity 'signal-to-noise' named entity 'GJ 1214' named entity 'mass loss' named entity 'mass fractions' named entity 'wasn' named entity 'standard deviation' named entity 'spectral type' named entity 'WASP-107b' named entity 'transmission spectroscopy' named entity 'atmospheric density' named entity 'radiative transfer' named entity 'absorption cross section' named entity 'Python' named entity 'transit spectroscopy' named entity 'helium'

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