About: Host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize invading viral pathogens and initiate a series of signaling cascades that lead to the expression of type I interferons (IFNs) and inflammatory cytokines. During the past decade, significant progresses have been made to characterize PRRs such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) and elucidate the molecular mechanisms of TLR- and RLR-mediated signaling. To avoid excessive and harmful immune effects caused by over-activation of these signaling pathways, host cells adopt a number of strategies to regulate them. In addition, invading viruses also employ a variety of mechanisms to inhibit the production of type I IFNs, thereby evading the supervision and clearance by the host. In this review, we briefly summarize the TLR- and RLR-mediated type I IFN signaling and then focus on the mechanisms by which host cellular and viral components regulate the expression of type I IFNs.   Goto Sponge  NotDistinct  Permalink

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  • Host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize invading viral pathogens and initiate a series of signaling cascades that lead to the expression of type I interferons (IFNs) and inflammatory cytokines. During the past decade, significant progresses have been made to characterize PRRs such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) and elucidate the molecular mechanisms of TLR- and RLR-mediated signaling. To avoid excessive and harmful immune effects caused by over-activation of these signaling pathways, host cells adopt a number of strategies to regulate them. In addition, invading viruses also employ a variety of mechanisms to inhibit the production of type I IFNs, thereby evading the supervision and clearance by the host. In this review, we briefly summarize the TLR- and RLR-mediated type I IFN signaling and then focus on the mechanisms by which host cellular and viral components regulate the expression of type I IFNs.
Subject
  • Virology
  • Immune system
  • Cytokines
  • Toll-like receptors
  • Signal transduction
  • Antivirals
  • Immunostimulants
  • Pattern recognition receptors
  • Insect immunity
  • LRR proteins
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