About: Experimentally confirmed toltrazuril resistance in a field isolate of Cystoisospora suis

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About: Experimentally confirmed toltrazuril resistance in a field isolate of Cystoisospora suis Goto Sponge NotDistinct Permalink

An Entity of Type : schema:ScholarlyArticle, within Data Space : covidontheweb.inria.fr associated with source document(s)

Attributes	Values
type	Academic Article research paper schema:ScholarlyArticle
isDefinedBy	Covid-on-the-Web dataset
has title	Experimentally confirmed toltrazuril resistance in a field isolate of Cystoisospora suis
Creator	Joachim, Anja Ruttkowski, Bärbel Shrestha, Aruna Hinney, Barbara Freudenschuss, Barbara Jansen, Rutger
Source	Medline; PMC
abstract	BACKGROUND: Constant treatment regimens with toltrazuril against Cystoisospora suis infection in piglets are being applied in the intensive production systems for the last two decades, but the possibility of resistance development has not been addressed so far despite limited availability of treatment alternatives. Recently, a pig producer in The Netherlands who routinely used toltrazuril complained about diarrhea in suckling piglets in the absence of bacterial and viral pathogens, and oocysts of C. suis could be isolated from feces of affected litters. METHODS: Piglets from two litters were infected with a field isolate of C. suis, Holland-I, and treated with 0 (Holl-Ctrl), 20 (Holl-20) or 30 (Holl-30) mg/kg of body weight (BW) of toltrazuril (Baycox®). The efficacy of toltrazuril was measured by assessment of oocyst excretion, fecal consistency and BW gain. A separate litter was infected with a toltrazuril-susceptible strain of C. suis, Wien-I, and treated with 0 (Wien-Ctrl) or 20 (Wien-20) mg/kg BW of toltrazuril for comparison. RESULTS: Treatment with the recommended (20 mg/kg) dose of toltrazuril completely suppressed oocyst shedding and diarrhea in group Wien-20. The prevalence of oocyst excretion was 100% in the groups infected with Holland-I and 80% in the group Wien-Ctrl. Most days with diarrhea were observed in group Holl-20 with an average of 6.40%, followed by 5.71% in Wien-Ctrl, while in Holl-Ctrl and Holl-30 diarrhea was only seen in 1.79% of the samples (n = 14/piglet). Oocyst excretion, fecal consistency and BW gain did not differ significantly among groups infected with Holland-I, indicating loss of efficacy to toltrazuril. CONCLUSION: Experimental infections and treatment confirmed toltrazuril resistance against the field isolate even at increased dosage. Such isolates are a potential threat to pig production as no other effective and economically sustainable alternative treatment is currently available. In the absence of a standardized protocol for resistance testing in C. suis, regular parasitological examination and, if possible, experimental confirmation should be considered to evaluate the extent and consequences of toltrazuril resistance. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2257-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
has issue date	2017-06-29(xsd:dateTime)
bibo:doi	10.1186/s13071-017-2257-7
bibo:pmid	28662668
has license	cc-by
sha1sum (hex)	9cffe5458f4b3268545d147dd3409b165c5f6ba5
schema:url	https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-017-2257-7
resource representing a document's title	Experimentally confirmed toltrazuril resistance in a field isolate of Cystoisospora suis
has PubMed Central identifier	PMC5492287
has PubMed identifier	28662668
schema:publication	Parasit Vectors
resource representing a document's body	covid:9cffe5458f4b3268545d147dd3409b165c5f6ba5#body_text
is schema:about of	named entity 'Results' named entity 'pig' named entity 'dosage' named entity 'toltrazuril' named entity 'Holl' named entity 'gain' named entity 'field' named entity 'completely' named entity 'toltrazuril' covid:arg/9cffe5458f4b3268545d147dd3409b165c5f6ba5 named entity 'treated' named entity 'production' named entity 'alternative' named entity 'Constant' named entity 'Methods' named entity 'confirmation' named entity 'toltrazuril' named entity 'toltrazuril' named entity 'toltrazuril' named entity 'efficacy' named entity 'infected' named entity 'toltrazuril' named entity 'loss' named entity 'alternative treatment' named entity 'Oocyst' named entity 'C. suis' named entity 'oocyst' named entity 'toltrazuril' named entity 'viral pathogens' named entity 'diarrhea' named entity 'resistance development' named entity 'treatment regimens' named entity 'parasitological' named entity 'toltrazuril' named entity 'C. suis' named entity 'diarrhea' named entity 'toltrazuril' named entity 'oocysts' named entity 'rotavirus' named entity 'C. suis' named entity 'excretion' named entity 'P-values' named entity 'oocyst' named entity 'microbiological' named entity 'toltrazuril' named entity 'pathogens' named entity 'E. coli' named entity 'Cystoisospora' named entity 'normal distribution' named entity 'vaccines' named entity 'toltrazuril' named entity 'parasitological' named entity 'pig farming' named entity 'diarrhea' named entity 'C. suis' named entity 'University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna' named entity 'veterinary treatment' named entity 'C. suis' named entity 'diarrhea' named entity 'diarrhea' named entity 'treatment groups' named entity 'SD 11' named entity 'standard deviations' named entity 'resistance development' named entity 'toltrazuril' named entity 'diarrhea' named entity 'body weight' named entity 'toltrazuril' named entity 'diarrhea' named entity 'diarrhea' named entity 'Sulfonamides' named entity 'coccidian' named entity 'diarrhea' named entity 'parasite' named entity 'polymerase chain reaction' named entity 'infection'

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