About: Primary and Repeated Respiratory Viral Infections Among Infants in Rural Nepal

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type	Academic Article research paper schema:ScholarlyArticle
isDefinedBy	Covid-on-the-Web dataset
title	Primary and Repeated Respiratory Viral Infections Among Infants in Rural Nepal
Creator	Kuypers, Jane Englund, Janet Katz, Joanne Khatry, Subarna Tielsch, James Shrestha, Laxman Steinhoff, Mark Boonyaratanakornkit, Jim Magaret, Amalia Chu, Helen Leclerq, Steven Bu, Yunqi
source	Medline; PMC
abstract	BACKGROUND: Respiratory viruses cause significant morbidity and death in infants; 99% of such deaths occur in resource-limited settings. Risk factors for initial and repeated respiratory viral infections in young infants in resource-limited settings have not been well described. METHODS: From 2011 to 2014, a birth cohort of infants in rural Nepal was enrolled and followed with weekly household-based active surveillance for respiratory symptoms until 6 months of age. Respiratory illness was defined as having any of the following: fever, cough, wheeze, difficulty breathing, and/or a draining ear. We tested nasal swabs of infants with respiratory illness for multiple respiratory viruses by using a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay. The risk of primary and repeated infections with the same virus was evaluated using Poisson regression. RESULTS: Of 3528 infants, 1726 (49%) had a primary infection, and 419 (12%) had a repeated infection. The incidences of respiratory viral infection in infants were 1816 per 1000 person-years for primary infections and 1204 per 1000 person-years for repeated infection with the same virus. Exposure to other children and male sex were each associated with an increased risk for primary infection (risk ratios, 1.13 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06–1.20] and 1.14 [95% CI, 1.02–1.27], respectively), whereas higher maternal education was associated with a decreased risk for both primary and repeated infections (risk ratio, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.95–0.98]). The incidence of subsequent infection did not change when previous infection with the same or another respiratory virus occurred. Illness duration and severity were not significantly different in the infants between the first and second episodes for any respiratory virus tested. CONCLUSIONS: In infants in rural Nepal, repeated respiratory virus infections were frequent, and we found no decrease in illness severity with repeated infections and no evidence of replacement with another virus. Vaccine strategies and public health interventions that provide durable protection in the first 6 months of life could decrease the burden of repeated infections by multiple respiratory viruses, particularly in low-resource countries.
has issue date	2018-11-12(xsd:dateTime)
bibo:doi	10.1093/jpids/piy107
bibo:pmid	30423150
has license	cc-by
sha1sum (hex)	852dc923b7f260167aae1eb268f373e5a2c64415
schema:url	https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piy107
resource representing a document's title	Primary and Repeated Respiratory Viral Infections Among Infants in Rural Nepal
has PubMed Central identifier	PMC7317152
has PubMed identifier	30423150
schema:publication	J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc
resource representing a document's body	covid:852dc923b7f260167aae1eb268f373e5a2c64415#body_text
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