About: Ordinary and opportunistic enteropathogens associated with diarrhea in senegalese adults in relation to human immunodeficiency virus serostatus

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type	Academic Article research paper schema:ScholarlyArticle
isDefinedBy	Covid-on-the-Web dataset
title	Ordinary and opportunistic enteropathogens associated with diarrhea in senegalese adults in relation to human immunodeficiency virus serostatus
Creator	Fall, Fatou Gassama, Amy Germani, Yves Philippe, Hovette Samb, Badara Aidara-Kane, Awa Camara, Path6 Gukye-N'diaye, Aksatou M'boup, Souleymane Papa, Salif Seng, Rkmonie Sow,
source	Elsevier; Medline; PMC
abstract	Abstract Objectives: A survey was conducted in Dakar, Senegal, to identify major types and prevalences of bacteria, parasites, fungi, and Rotaviruses associated with diarrhea in relation to human immunodeficieny virus (HIV) serostatus with the goal to provide guidance to physicians for case management. Methods: Etiologic agents were identified in a case-control study: cases were HIV-infected patients with diarrhea (HIV+ D+) and HIV seronegative patients with diarrhea (HIV− D+); controls were HIV-infected patients without diarrhea (HIV+ D−) and seronegative controls without diarrhea (HID− D−). Ordinary enteric pathogens were identified by conventional methods. Different Escherichia coli pathotypes were characterized by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), identification of HEp-2 cell adherence pattern, Sereny test, GIvl1-ELISA, and the suckling mouse assay. Opportunistic parasites, such as Cryptosporidium and Microsporidium, were identified by the Kinyoun method and trichromic stain of Weber, respectively. Rotaviruses were identified with a commercial latex agglutination kit. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out by the disk diffusion method. Results: Among the 594 patients examined, 158 were HIV+ D+, 121 were HIV− D+, 160 were HIV+ D−, and 155 were HIV− D−. The main etiologies of diarrhea were different according to HIV serostatus of patients. In immunocompetent adults the main causes of diarrhea were Shigella sp (12.4%), Entamoeba histolytica (10.7%), Salmonella enterica (6.6%), and Giardia (4.9%). In the immunocompromised host the more frequent pathogens were enteroaggregative E. coli (19.6%), Microsporidium (9.4%), Cryptosporidium sp (8.2%), Rotavirus (8.2%), Shigella sp (7.6%), Candida albicans (7.6%), E. histolytica (5.1%), S. enterica (4.4%), and Isospora belli (4.4%). Also, Blastocystis hominis has to be considered as an opportunistic parasite, because it was identified only in HIV-infected patients, with higher prevalence in adults with diarrhea (2.5% in HIV+ D+ patients; 0.6% in HIV+ D− patients). High level of asymptomatic carriage of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura and some cases of multiple infections were observed. Fungi, Cryptosporidium sp and Microsporidium sp, were often identified in patients with low CD4 counts (range, 79–250 cells/mL). Independently from HIV-serostatus, CD4 count was lower in diarrheic persons, suggesting that diarrhea is a debilitating illness and that effective management of diarrhea can prevent immunosuppression. Isolated enteropathogenic strains displayed high resistance to most antibiotics used in Senegal for treating diarrhea (ampicillin, tetracycline, cotrimoxazole); they were susceptible to amikacin, gentamicin, and norfloxacin. Conclusion: These epidemiologic data suggest that guidelines for the management of diarrhea during HIV infection in Dakar should be updated.
has issue date	2001-12-31(xsd:dateTime)
bibo:doi	10.1016/s1201-9712(01)90069-4
bibo:pmid	11953215
has license	els-covid
sha1sum (hex)	74c3211af6739769cc5afa6f6d6bb2f4c74689cd
schema:url	https://doi.org/10.1016/s1201-9712%2801%2990069-4
resource representing a document's title	Ordinary and opportunistic enteropathogens associated with diarrhea in senegalese adults in relation to human immunodeficiency virus serostatus
has PubMed Central identifier	PMC7128624
has PubMed identifier	11953215
schema:publication	International Journal of Infectious Diseases
resource representing a document's body	covid:74c3211af6739769cc5afa6f6d6bb2f4c74689cd#body_text
is schema:about of	named entity 'Human Immunodeficiency Virus' named entity 'HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS' named entity 'RELATION' named entity 'SEROSTATUS' named entity 'DIARRHEA' named entity 'ASSOCIATED WITH' named entity 'SENEGALESE' named entity 'ADULTS' named entity 'Relation' named entity 'Human Immunodeficiency Virus' named entity 'enterohemorrhagic E. coli' named entity 'diabetes' named entity 'spirochetes' named entity 'AIDS' named entity 'HIV' named entity 'multivariate analysis' named entity 'keratoconjunctivitis' named entity '95% confidence interval' named entity 'EHEC' named entity 'C. freundii' named entity 'Salmonella' named entity 'leukocytes' named entity 'spp' named entity 'clavulanic acid' named entity 'HIV' named entity 'antimicrobial agents' named entity 'Escherichia coli' named entity 'enteroinvasive E. coli' named entity 'E. coli' named entity 'enteropathogenic E. coli' named entity 'Centers for Disease Control and Prevention' named entity 'cephalosporins' named entity 'enterotoxin' named entity 'ampicillin' named entity 'enteroaggregative E. coli' named entity 'diarrhea' named entity 'SAS' named entity 'coccidian' named entity 'tetracycline' named entity 'Cryptosporidium' named entity 'Bacterial pathogens' named entity 'virulence genes' named entity 'Western blotting' named entity 'enteroaggregative E. coli' named entity 'CD4 count' named entity 'HIV' named entity 'parasites' named entity 'A. lumbricoides' named entity 'correlation' named entity 'seropositive' named entity 'genotypic' named entity 'tetracyclines' named entity 'United Nations' named entity 'E. coli' named entity 'Aeromonas' named entity 'pathogens' named entity 'diarrhea' named entity 'virulence factor' named entity 'HIV' named entity 'EPEC' named entity 'spp' named entity 'pathogenic organisms' named entity 'formalin' named entity 'parasitic' named entity 'enteropathogens' named entity 'Citrobacter freundii' named entity 'keratoconjunctivitis' named entity 'pathogens' named entity 'seronegative' named entity 'heat-stable enterotoxin'

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