About: Molecular survey and interaction of common respiratory pathogens in chicken flocks (field perspective)

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An Entity of Type : schema:ScholarlyArticle, within Data Space : covidontheweb.inria.fr associated with source document(s)

Attributes	Values
type	Academic Article research paper schema:ScholarlyArticle
isDefinedBy	Covid-on-the-Web dataset
has title	Molecular survey and interaction of common respiratory pathogens in chicken flocks (field perspective)
Creator	Qasim, Ibrahim Fayez, Mahmoud Al-Marri, Theeb Abdelaziz, Adel Al-Amer, Abdul Mohamed, Mahmoud
Source	Medline; PMC
abstract	AIM: The present study was designed for the detection of the most prevalent respiratory infections in chicken flocks and clarifying their interaction and impact on flock health. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 359 serum samples were collected from 55 backyard chickens and tested using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits to determine the seroprevalence of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), influenza type A, Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG), and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS). Molecular prevalence of NDV, IBV, low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) H9N2, MG, and MS was carried out on swab, and tissue samples collected from 55 backyard flocks and 11 commercial broiler flocks suffered from respiratory infections using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcription-PCR. RESULTS: Seroprevalence of NDV, IBV, Influenza type A virus, MG, and MS in chicken backyard flocks was 56.4%, 50.9%, 12.7%, 14.5%, and 3.6%, respectively. Specific antibodies against one or more respiratory viruses and mycoplasma were detected in 36.4% of backyard flocks, indicating concurrent viral infections. The molecular survey showed that 90.9% of chicken backyard flocks were infected with common respiratory viruses (NDV, IBV, and LPAIV H9N2) while 81.8% of commercial broiler flocks were infected. The molecular prevalence rate of NDV, IBV, and LPAIV H9N2 was 46.97%, 56.1%, and 19.7% in backyard flocks, respectively. Combined viral and bacterial infection represented 40% and 63.6% of the respiratory infections, resulting in enhanced pathogenicity and increased mortalities of up to 87.5% and 27.8% in backyard and commercial flocks, respectively. Mixed infection of IBV, LPAIV H9N2, and/or Escherichia coli is the most prevalent mixed infection in broiler flocks, inducing severe clinical outcomes. Avian pathogenic E. coli was, respectively, isolated from 40% of backyard flocks and 81.82% of broiler flocks. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from three backyard chicken flocks mixed with other respiratory pathogens with elevated mortality. Mixed infection of E. coli and MG reported in 9.1% of broiler flock. MG was detected in 14.5% of backyard flocks and 9.1% of broiler flocks while MS was detected only in 3.6% of backyard chickens mixed with E. coli, and other viruses. CONCLUSION: Our results confirm that mixed infections are more commonly prevalent and associated with dramatic exacerbation in clinical outcomes than a single infection. Bidirectional synergistic interaction between these concurrently interacted respiratory pathogens explains the severe clinical impact and high mortality rate. The high prevalence of IBV (either as a single or combined infection) with LPAIV H9N2 and/or E. coli, in spite of intensive use of commercial vaccines, increases the need for revising vaccination programs and the application of standard biosecurity measures. Backyard chickens impose a great risk and threaten commercial flocks due to the high prevalence of viral respiratory pathogens.
has issue date	2019-12-16(xsd:dateTime)
bibo:doi	10.14202/vetworld.2019.1975-1986
bibo:pmid	32095050
has license	cc-by
sha1sum (hex)	570259cab68c41a50bbfd4c998042c397bc8af33
schema:url	https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2019.1975-1986
resource representing a document's title	Molecular survey and interaction of common respiratory pathogens in chicken flocks (field perspective)
has PubMed Central identifier	PMC6989313
has PubMed identifier	32095050
schema:publication	Vet World
resource representing a document's body	covid:570259cab68c41a50bbfd4c998042c397bc8af33#body_text
is schema:about of	named entity 'flocks' named entity 'AHSA' named entity 'ENVIRONMENT' named entity 'RESEARCH INSTITUTE' named entity 'CHICKEN' named entity 'HEALTH' named entity 'PREVALENT' named entity 'DETECTION' named entity 'STUDY' named entity 'RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS' named entity 'DIAGNOSTIC' named entity 'WATER' named entity 'VETERINARY' named entity 'INTERACTION' named entity 'IMPACT' named entity 'VACCINE RESEARCH' named entity 'AGRICULTURE' named entity 'SERUM' named entity 'LAB' named entity 'SAUDI ARABIA' named entity 'THEIR' named entity 'PRESENT' covid:arg/570259cab68c41a50bbfd4c998042c397bc8af33 named entity 'respiratory infections' named entity 'Research Institute' named entity 'IBV' named entity 'mixed infection' named entity 'respiratory infection' named entity 'virulence' named entity 'Staphylococcus spp' named entity 'E. coli' named entity 'H9N2' named entity 'NDV' named entity 'pathogens' named entity 'S. aureus' named entity 'viruses' named entity 'synergistic' named entity 'polymerase chain reaction' named entity 'synergistic effect' named entity 'Haemophilus' named entity 'IBV' named entity 'Al-Ahsa' named entity 'King Abdul-Aziz' named entity 'synergistic effect' named entity 'Al-Ahsa' named entity 'intestinal mucosa' named entity 'viruses' named entity 'H9N2' named entity 'IBV' named entity 'turkeys' named entity 'gene' named entity 'backyard flocks' named entity 'plasmin' named entity 'pathogenic E. coli' named entity 'clinical signs' named entity 'liver' named entity 'immunosuppressive agents' named entity 'respiratory infections' named entity 'paresis' named entity 'NDV' named entity 'serologically' named entity 'Dadras' named entity 'clinical symptoms' named entity 'biosecurity' named entity 'Iran' named entity 'H9N2' named entity 'E. coli' named entity 'NDV' named entity 'serological' named entity 'AIV' named entity 'protease inhibitors' named entity 'IBV' named entity 'broiler' named entity 'viral infections' named entity 'E. coli' named entity 'pathogens'

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