About: Of tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections – a comparative analysis of epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment

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About: Of tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections – a comparative analysis of epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment Goto Sponge NotDistinct Permalink

An Entity of Type : schema:ScholarlyArticle, within Data Space : covidontheweb.inria.fr associated with source document(s)

Attributes	Values
type	Academic Article research paper schema:ScholarlyArticle
isDefinedBy	Covid-on-the-Web dataset
has title	Of tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections – a comparative analysis of epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment
Creator	Subbian, Selvakumar Gopalaswamy, Radha Mondal, Rajesh Shanmugam, Sivakumar
Source	PMC
abstract	Pulmonary diseases due to mycobacteria cause significant morbidity and mortality to human health. In addition to tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), recent epidemiological studies have shown the emergence of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) species in causing lung diseases in humans. Although more than 170 NTM species are present in various environmental niches, only a handful, primarily Mycobacterium avium complex and M. abscessus, have been implicated in pulmonary disease. While TB is transmitted through inhalation of aerosol droplets containing Mtb, generated by patients with symptomatic disease, NTM disease is mostly disseminated through aerosols originated from the environment. However, following inhalation, both Mtb and NTM are phagocytosed by alveolar macrophages in the lungs. Subsequently, various immune cells are recruited from the circulation to the site of infection, which leads to granuloma formation. Although the pathophysiology of TB and NTM diseases share several fundamental cellular and molecular events, the host-susceptibility to Mtb and NTM infections are different. Striking differences also exist in the disease presentation between TB and NTM cases. While NTM disease is primarily associated with bronchiectasis, this condition is rarely a predisposing factor for TB. Similarly, in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected individuals, NTM disease presents as disseminated, extrapulmonary form rather than as a miliary, pulmonary disease, which is seen in Mtb infection. The diagnostic modalities for TB, including molecular diagnosis and drug-susceptibility testing (DST), are more advanced and possess a higher rate of sensitivity and specificity, compared to the tools available for NTM infections. In general, drug-sensitive TB is effectively treated with a standard multi-drug regimen containing well-defined first- and second-line antibiotics. However, the treatment of drug-resistant TB requires the additional, newer class of antibiotics in combination with or without the first and second-line drugs. In contrast, the NTM species display significant heterogeneity in their susceptibility to standard anti-TB drugs. Thus, the treatment for NTM diseases usually involves the use of macrolides and injectable aminoglycosides. Although well-established international guidelines are available, treatment of NTM disease is mostly empirical and not entirely successful. In general, the treatment duration is much longer for NTM diseases, compared to TB, and resection surgery of affected organ(s) is part of treatment for patients with NTM diseases that do not respond to the antibiotics treatment. Here, we discuss the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment modalities available for TB and NTM diseases of humans.
has issue date	2020-06-17(xsd:dateTime)
bibo:doi	10.1186/s12929-020-00667-6
has license	cc-by
sha1sum (hex)	4aefa6ff9b51451e1b2094d230d8f737a6ba523a
schema:url	https://doi.org/10.1186/s12929-020-00667-6
resource representing a document's title	Of tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections – a comparative analysis of epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment
has PubMed Central identifier	PMC7297667
schema:publication	J Biomed Sci
resource representing a document's body	covid:4aefa6ff9b51451e1b2094d230d8f737a6ba523a#body_text
is schema:about of	named entity 'infections' named entity 'contrast' named entity 'diseases' named entity 'disease' named entity 'circulation' named entity 'events' named entity 'species' named entity 'presentation' named entity 'species' named entity 'susceptibility' named entity 'pulmonary disease' named entity 'NTM' named entity 'extrapulmonary' named entity 'However' named entity 'Thus' named entity 'pulmonary disease' named entity 'specificity' named entity 'immune cells' named entity 'individuals' named entity 'NTM' named entity 'Pulmonary diseases' named entity 'granuloma' named entity 'anti-TB drugs' named entity 'diseases' named entity 'NTM' named entity 'human health' named entity 'condition' named entity 'epidemiology' named entity 'Pulmonary diseases' named entity 'injectable' named entity 'molecular diagnosis' named entity 'HIV' named entity 'macrolides' named entity 'aminoglycosides' named entity 'susceptibility testing' named entity 'drug-resistant TB' named entity 'bronchiectasis' named entity 'epidemiological studies' named entity 'NTM' named entity 'NTM' named entity 'Mycobacterium avium complex' named entity 'NTM' named entity 'morbidity' named entity 'non-tuberculous mycobacterial' named entity 'macrophages' named entity 'MAC' named entity 'susceptibility testing' named entity 'NTM' named entity 'broth culture' named entity 'adverse effects' named entity 'non-compliance' named entity 'clarithromycin' named entity 'Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization' named entity 'NTM' named entity 'clarithromycin' named entity 'M. bovis' named entity 'radiotherapy' named entity 'biochemical tests' named entity 'NTM' named entity 'XDR-TB' named entity 'BCG' named entity 'growth media' named entity 'culture methods' named entity 'BCG' named entity 'alcoholism' named entity 'resection' named entity 'NTM' named entity 'cotrimoxazole' named entity 'American Thoracic Society' named entity 'drug-resistant' named entity 'NTM' named entity 'IGRA' named entity 'MAC' named entity 'azithromycin' named entity 'amikacin' named entity 'amikacin' named entity 'nebulized' named entity 'M. xenopi' named entity 'sputum' named entity 'NTM'

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