About: Azadirachta indica A. Juss Ameliorates Mouse Hepatitis Virus-Induced Neuroinflammatory Demyelination by Modulating Cell-to-Cell Fusion in an Experimental Animal Model of Multiple Sclerosis

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About: Azadirachta indica A. Juss Ameliorates Mouse Hepatitis Virus-Induced Neuroinflammatory Demyelination by Modulating Cell-to-Cell Fusion in an Experimental Animal Model of Multiple Sclerosis Goto Sponge NotDistinct Permalink

An Entity of Type : schema:ScholarlyArticle, within Data Space : covidontheweb.inria.fr associated with source document(s)

Attributes	Values
type	Academic Article research paper schema:ScholarlyArticle
isDefinedBy	Covid-on-the-Web dataset
has title	Azadirachta indica A. Juss Ameliorates Mouse Hepatitis Virus-Induced Neuroinflammatory Demyelination by Modulating Cell-to-Cell Fusion in an Experimental Animal Model of Multiple Sclerosis
Creator	Das Sarma, Jayasri Sato, Fumitaka Safiriyu, Abass Sarkar, Lucky Kiran Putchala, Ravi Kujawska, Małgorzata
Source	Medline; PMC
abstract	Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV)-induced murine neuroinflammation serves as a model to study acute meningoencephalomyelitis, hepatitis, and chronic neuroinflammatory demyelination; which mimics certain pathologies of the human neurologic disease, multiple sclerosis (MS). MHV-induced acute neuroinflammation occurs due to direct glial cell dystrophy instigated by central nervous system (CNS)-resident microglia and astrocytes, in contrast to peripheral CD4+T cell-mediated myelin damage prevalent in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS. Viral envelope Spike glycoprotein-mediated cell-to-cell fusion is an essential mechanistic step for MHV-induced CNS pathogenicity. Although Azadirachta indica (Neem), a traditional phytomedicine, is known for its anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, and spermicidal activities, not much is known about anti-neuroinflammatory properties of its bark (NBE) in MHV-induced acute neuroinflammation and chronic demyelination. Recombinant demyelinating MHV strain (RSA59) was preincubated with NBE to arrest the infection-initiation event, and its effect on viral replication, viral transcription, cytokine expression, and successive pathogenicity were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Virus-free Luciferase assay explained NBE’s anti-virus-to-cell fusion activity in vitro. Intracranial inoculation of RSA59 preincubated with NBE into the mouse brain significantly reduces acute hepatitis, meningoencephalomyelitis, and chronic progressive demyelination. Additionally, NBE effectively restricts viral entry, dissemination in CNS, viral replication, viral transcription, and expression of the viral nucleocapsid and inflammatory cytokines. From mechanistic standpoints, RSA59 preincubated with NBE reduced viral entry, viral replication and cell-to-cell fusion, as a mode of viral dissemination. Moreover, intraperitoneal injection with NBE (25 mg/kg B.W.) into mice revealed a significant reduction in viral Nucleocapsid protein expression in vivo. Conclusively, A. indica bark extract may directly bind to the virus-host attachment Spike glycoprotein and suppresses MHV-induced neuroinflammation and neuropathogenesis by inhibiting cell-to-cell fusion and viral replication. Further studies will focus on combining bioanalytical assays to isolate potential NBE bioactive compound(s) that contribute towards the anti-viral activity of NBE.
has issue date	2020-05-12(xsd:dateTime)
bibo:doi	10.3389/fncel.2020.00116
bibo:pmid	32477069
has license	cc-by
sha1sum (hex)	16a3175fcc3c09280f51cf94069a538e110de24c
schema:url	https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2020.00116
resource representing a document's title	Azadirachta indica A. Juss Ameliorates Mouse Hepatitis Virus-Induced Neuroinflammatory Demyelination by Modulating Cell-to-Cell Fusion in an Experimental Animal Model of Multiple Sclerosis
has PubMed Central identifier	PMC7236902
has PubMed identifier	32477069
schema:publication	Front Cell Neurosci
resource representing a document's body	covid:16a3175fcc3c09280f51cf94069a538e110de24c#body_text
is schema:about of	named entity 'activities' named entity 'experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis' named entity 'bark' named entity 'pathogenicity' named entity 'acute' named entity 'Neuroscience' named entity 'Model' named entity 'Although' named entity 'study' named entity 'CNS' named entity 'cytokine' named entity 'prevalent' named entity 'anti-fungal' named entity 'NBE' named entity 'essential' named entity 'anti-inflammatory' named entity 'multiple sclerosis' named entity 'neuroinflammation' named entity 'expression' named entity 'Blood-brain barrier' named entity 'Recombinant' named entity 'Cellular' named entity 'Demyelination' named entity 'Azadirachta indica' named entity 'neuroinflammation' named entity 'Luciferase' named entity 'phytomedicine' named entity 'CNS' named entity 'MHV' named entity 'pathogenicity' named entity 'hepatitis' named entity 'glial cell' named entity 'pathologies' named entity 'anti-virus' named entity 'demyelination' named entity 'demyelination' named entity 'cytokine' named entity 'astrocytes' named entity 'neurologic disease' named entity 'MHV' named entity 'BBB' named entity 'Mouse Hepatitis Virus' named entity 'Multiple Sclerosis' named entity 'acute' named entity 'chronic' named entity 'homogenized' named entity 'white matter' named entity 'mice' named entity 'IL-6' named entity 'RT-PCR' named entity 'cell line' named entity 'FBS' named entity 'cell cultures' named entity 'PBS' named entity 'agarose' named entity 'acute inflammatory' named entity 'brain and spinal cord' named entity 'chicken' named entity 'Luciferase' named entity 'microglia' named entity 'Anirban Basu' named entity 'gene expression' named entity 'FBS' named entity 'neurodegenerative diseases' named entity 'Interleukin 6' named entity 'luciferase' named entity 'MHV' named entity 'CMV' named entity 'IgG antibody' named entity 'phytochemicals' named entity 'cerebral hemisphere' named entity 'Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction' named entity 'ischemic injury' named entity 'Protein expression' named entity 'histopathological' named entity 'encephalitis'

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