About: Chlamydia psittaci Triggers the Invasion of H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus by Impairing the Functions of Chicken Macrophages

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About: Chlamydia psittaci Triggers the Invasion of H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus by Impairing the Functions of Chicken Macrophages Goto Sponge NotDistinct Permalink

An Entity of Type : schema:ScholarlyArticle, within Data Space : covidontheweb.inria.fr associated with source document(s)

Attributes	Values
type	Academic Article research paper schema:ScholarlyArticle
isDefinedBy	Covid-on-the-Web dataset
has title	Chlamydia psittaci Triggers the Invasion of H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus by Impairing the Functions of Chicken Macrophages
Creator	Zhang, Qiang Li, Qiang He, Cheng Xu, Guanlong Chu, Jun Guo, Yongxia Wang, Yihui Zuo, Zonghui
Source	PMC
abstract	SIMPLE SUMMARY: Chlamydia psittaci, an obligate, intracellular, Gram-negative bacterium and economically relevant pathogen in poultry and pet bird, could cause psittacosis/ornithosis, and is also a human pathogen causing atypical pneumonia after zoonotic transmission. H9N2 influenza virus, a low pathogenic avian influenza viruses’ subtype, has become endemic in different types of domestic poultry in lots of countries, resulting in great economic loss due to reduced egg production or high mortality associated with coinfection with other pathogens. These two pathogens are easily mixed with other pathogens to aggravate the disease, and often cause mixed infection in clinics. Co-infection of C. psittaci with H9N2 commonly induces severe pneumonia and high mortality in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. According to previous studies, we postulated that C. psittaci infection may beneficial for the replication of H9N2 in HD11. Consequently, in this study, we clarify the pathogenic mechanism of coinfection with C. psittaci and H9N2 in the chicken macrophage cell line HD11, which is the first study of the coinfection of C. psittaci and H9N2 in vitro. ABSTRACT: In a pilot study, simultaneous infection with Chlamydia psittaci (C. psittaci) and H9N2 virus induced 20% mortality and severe avian airsacculitis, shedding light on animal models of poultry respiratory diseases. However, the pathogenesis is still unclear. In the current study, we hypothesized that C. psittaci infection execrates macrophage function and facilitates H9N2 infection. To explore the potential mechanism, we studied the effect of C. psittaci and H9N2 on the functions of HD11 cells in vitro by simultaneous infection of C. psittaci and H9N2. At the same time, we used infection with C. psittaci or H9N2 alone as the control groups. The results showed that coinfection with C. psittaci and H9N2 could significantly aggravate the mortality of HD11 cells compared to C. psittaci or H9N2 infection alone. In addition, coinfection with C. psittaci and H9N2 did not induce high C. psittaci loads compared to C. psittaci infection alone at 12- and 24-hours post-inoculation (hpi), but coinfection with C. psittaci and H9N2 could increase the loads of H9N2 compared to H9N2 alone in HD11 cells at 12 hpi. More importantly, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression levels, enzyme activity, nitric oxide (NO) production, and phagocytosis were reduced significantly in the group with C. psittaci and H9N2 coinfection compared to those of H9N2 or C. psittaci alone at 24 hpi. Finally, C. psittaci infection induced robust expressions of type Th2 cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10, while interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) displayed a significant decrease compared to H9N2 infection alone at 24 hpi. All the above data indicate that C. psittaci infection can facilitate H9N2 invasion and to aggravate severe avian airsacculitis by impairing macrophage functions.
has issue date	2020-04-21(xsd:dateTime)
bibo:doi	10.3390/ani10040722
bibo:pmid	32326284
has license	cc-by
sha1sum (hex)	1276f1f121a44ed98a0217e53d0bb4a0fadf8ee0
schema:url	https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10040722
resource representing a document's title	Chlamydia psittaci Triggers the Invasion of H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus by Impairing the Functions of Chicken Macrophages
has PubMed Central identifier	PMC7222846
has PubMed identifier	32326284
schema:publication	Animals (Basel)
resource representing a document's body	covid:1276f1f121a44ed98a0217e53d0bb4a0fadf8ee0#body_text
is schema:about of	named entity 'Gram-negative' named entity 'replication' named entity 'clarify' named entity 'DOMESTIC' named entity 'INFLUENZA VIRUSES' named entity 'pet' named entity 'commonly' named entity 'viruses' named entity 'H9N2' named entity 'egg' named entity 'macrophage' named entity 'cell' named entity 'intracellular' named entity 'Gram-negative bacterium' named entity 'C. psittaci' named entity 'C. psittaci' named entity 'infection' named entity 'avian influenza viruses' named entity 'pathogen-free' named entity 'Avian Influenza Virus' named entity 'psittacosis' named entity 'influenza' named entity 'interferon gamma' named entity 'NOS' named entity 'H9N2' named entity 'infection' named entity 'China' named entity 'H9N2' named entity 'H9N2' named entity 'mRNA' named entity 'United States' named entity 'H9N2' named entity 'SMB' named entity 'IL-10' named entity 'H9N2' named entity 'hpi' named entity 'H9N2' named entity 'IL-4' named entity 'hpi' named entity 'H9N2' named entity 'MOI' named entity 'iNOS' named entity 'macrophage' named entity 'IL-6' named entity 'H9N2' named entity 'C. psittaci' named entity 'C. muridarum' named entity 'C. psittaci' named entity 'streptomycin' named entity 'Macrophages' named entity 'H9N2' named entity 'IL-1β' named entity 'C. psittaci' named entity 'nitric oxide' named entity 'Reed-Muench method' named entity 'positive control' named entity 'phagocytosis' named entity 'infection' named entity 'IL-10' named entity 'immunopathology' named entity 'hpi' named entity 'AIV' named entity 'direct immunofluorescence' named entity 'C. psittaci' named entity 'avian influenza virus' named entity 'China' named entity 'pathogen' named entity 'hpi' named entity 'Nitrite' named entity 'Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium' named entity 'C. psittaci' named entity 'LPS' named entity 'H9N2' named entity 'C. psittaci'

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