About: Disposable N95 Masks Pass Qualitative Fit-Test But Have Decreased Filtration Efficiency after Cobalt-60 Gamma Irradiation

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type	Academic Article research paper schema:ScholarlyArticle
isDefinedBy	Covid-on-the-Web dataset
title	Disposable N95 Masks Pass Qualitative Fit-Test But Have Decreased Filtration Efficiency after Cobalt-60 Gamma Irradiation
Creator	Cramer, Avilash Galanek, Mitchell Gupta, Rajiv Lamere, Edward Li, Ju Short, Michael Tian, Enze Yu, Sherry
source	MedRxiv
abstract	The current COVID-19 pandemic has led to a dramatic shortage of masks and other personal protective equipment (PPE) in hospitals around the globe. One component of PPE that is in particular demand are disposable N95 face masks. To alleviate this, many methods of N95 mask sterilization have been studied and proposed with the hope of being able to safely reuse masks. Two major considerations must be made when re-sterilizing masks: (1) the sterilization method effectively kills pathogens, penetrating into the fibers of the mask, and (2) the method does not degrade the operational integrity of the N95 filters. We studied Cobalt-60 gamma irradiation as a method of effective sterilization without inducing mask degradation. Significant literature exists supporting the use of gamma radiation as a sterilization method, with viral inactivation of SARS-CoV reported at doses of at most 10 kGy, with other studies supporting 5 kGy for many types of viruses. However, concerns have been raised about the radiation damaging the fiber material within the mask, specifically by causing cross-linking of polymers, leading to cracking and degradation during fitting and/or deployment. A set of 3M 8210 and 9105 masks were irradiated using MIT's Co-60 irradiator. Three masks of each type received 0 kiloGray (kGy), 10 kGy and 50 kGy of approximately 1.3 MeV gamma radiation from the circular cobalt sources, at a dose rate of 2.2 kGy per hour. Following this sterilization procedure, the irradiated masks passed a OSHA Gerson Qualitative Fit Test QLFT 50 (saccharin apparatus) when donned correctly, performed at the Brigham and Women's Hospital, in a blinded study repeated in triplicate. However, the masks' filtration of 0.3 um particles was significantly degraded, even at 10 kGy. These results suggest against gamma, and possibly all ionizing radiation, as a method of disposable N95 sterilization. Even more importantly, they argue against using the qualitative fit test alone to assess mask integrity.
has issue date	2020-03-30(xsd:dateTime)
bibo:doi	10.1101/2020.03.28.20043471
has license	medrxiv
sha1sum (hex)	103c31129760f2e2920477b8205de0ff25ee2006
schema:url	https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.28.20043471
resource representing a document's title	Disposable N95 Masks Pass Qualitative Fit-Test But Have Decreased Filtration Efficiency after Cobalt-60 Gamma Irradiation
resource representing a document's body	covid:103c31129760f2e2920477b8205de0ff25ee2006#body_text
is schema:about of	named entity 'One' named entity 'REUSE' named entity 'PARTICULAR' named entity 'MASKS' named entity 'PATHOGENS' named entity 'COVID-19 PANDEMIC' named entity 'LED' covid:arg/103c31129760f2e2920477b8205de0ff25ee2006 named entity 'pandemic' named entity 'integrity' named entity 'COVID-19' named entity 'pathogens' named entity 'hope' named entity 'GAMMA IRRADIATION' named entity 'COBALT-60' named entity 'Qualitative Fit Test' named entity 'SARS' named entity 'Gamma irradiation' named entity 'proton' named entity 'detection bias' named entity 'sterilization' named entity 'neutron' named entity 'OSHA' named entity 'qualitative fit test' named entity 'gamma rays' named entity 'kGy' named entity 'ionizing radiation' named entity 'qualitative fit test' named entity 'CC-BY-ND' named entity 'radioactive' named entity 'preprint' named entity 'COVID-19 pandemic' named entity 'sterilization' named entity 'sterilization' named entity 'kGy' named entity 'gamma ray' named entity 'saccharin' named entity 'gamma radiation' named entity 'sterilization' named entity 'N95' named entity 'sterilization' named entity 'pressure differential' named entity 'kGy' named entity 'peer-reviewed' named entity 'preprint' named entity 'micron' named entity 'saccharin' named entity 'kGy' named entity 'airborne transmission' named entity 'personal protective equipment (PPE' named entity 'CC-BY-ND' named entity 'preprint' named entity 'viruses' named entity 'equivalent dose' named entity 'medRxiv' named entity 'kGy' named entity 'N95' named entity 'irradiator' named entity 'sterilization' named entity 'gamma rays' named entity '2.2' named entity 'air duct' named entity 'kGy' named entity 'single stranded RNA' named entity 'kGy' named entity 'viruses' named entity 'N95' named entity 'Electron beam' named entity 'gamma rays' named entity 'MIT' named entity 'personal protective equipment (PPE' named entity 'disease transmission' named entity 'electron' named entity 'gamma ray' named entity 'qualitative fit test' named entity 'electrostatic' named entity 'N95' named entity 'filtration'

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