About: Angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐2 (ACE2), SARS‐CoV‐2 and pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)

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About: Angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐2 (ACE2), SARS‐CoV‐2 and pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) Goto Sponge NotDistinct Permalink

An Entity of Type : schema:ScholarlyArticle, within Data Space : covidontheweb.inria.fr associated with source document(s)

Attributes	Values
type	Academic Article research paper schema:ScholarlyArticle
isDefinedBy	Covid-on-the-Web dataset
has title	Angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐2 (ACE2), SARS‐CoV‐2 and pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)
Creator	Osterhaus, Albert Navis, Gerjan Van Goor, Harry Bolling, Marieke Bourgonje, Arno Dijkstra, Gerard Eman Abdulle, Amaal Gordijn, Sanne Hillebrands, Jan-Luuk Mulder, Douwe Timens, Wim Van Der Voort, Peter Voors, Adriaan
Source	Medline; PMC; WHO
abstract	Angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐2 (ACE2) has been established as the functional host receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), the virus responsible for the current devastating worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). ACE2 is abundantly expressed in a variety of cells residing in many different human organs. In human physiology, ACE2 is a pivotal counter‐regulatory enzyme to ACE by the breakdown of angiotensin II, the central player in the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS) and the main substrate of ACE2. Many factors have been associated with both altered ACE2 expression and COVID‐19 severity and progression, including age, sex, ethnicity, medication and several co‐morbidities, such as cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. Although ACE2 is widely distributed in various human tissues and many of its determinants have been well recognised, ACE2‐expressing organs do not equally participate in COVID‐19 pathophysiology, implying that other mechanisms are involved in orchestrating cellular infection resulting in tissue damage. Reports of pathologic findings in tissue specimens of COVID‐19 patients are rapidly emerging and confirm the established role of ACE2 expression and activity in disease pathogenesis. Identifying pathologic changes caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is crucially important as it has major implications for understanding COVID‐19 pathophysiology and the development of evidence‐based treatment strategies. Currently, many interventional strategies are being explored in ongoing clinical trials, encompassing many drug classes and strategies, including antiviral drugs, biological response modifiers and RAAS inhibitors. Ultimately, prevention is key to combat COVID‐19 and appropriate measures are being taken accordingly, including development of effective vaccines. In this review, we describe the role of ACE2 in COVID‐19 pathophysiology, including factors influencing ACE2 expression and activity in relation to COVID‐19 severity. In addition, we discuss the relevant pathological changes resulting from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Finally, we highlight a selection of potential treatment modalities for COVID‐19. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
has issue date	2020-05-17(xsd:dateTime)
bibo:doi	10.1002/path.5471
bibo:pmid	32418199
has license	no-cc
sha1sum (hex)	06c07fc21e747316f8bf7287759a28fc6ebd6156
schema:url	https://doi.org/10.1002/path.5471
resource representing a document's title	Angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐2 (ACE2), SARS‐CoV‐2 and pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)
has PubMed Central identifier	PMC7276767
has PubMed identifier	32418199
schema:publication	J Pathol
resource representing a document's body	covid:06c07fc21e747316f8bf7287759a28fc6ebd6156#body_text
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