About: Recovery and stable persistence of chloroquine sensitivity in Plasmodium falciparum parasites after its discontinued use in Northern Uganda

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About: Recovery and stable persistence of chloroquine sensitivity in Plasmodium falciparum parasites after its discontinued use in Northern Uganda Goto Sponge NotDistinct Permalink

An Entity of Type : schema:ScholarlyArticle, within Data Space : covidontheweb.inria.fr associated with source document(s)

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type	Academic Article research paper schema:ScholarlyArticle
isDefinedBy	Covid-on-the-Web dataset
has title	Recovery and stable persistence of chloroquine sensitivity in Plasmodium falciparum parasites after its discontinued use in Northern Uganda
Creator	Mori, Toshiyuki Horii, Toshihiro Tsuboi, Takafumi Ntege, Edward Anywar, Denis Auma, Mary Balikagala, Betty Fukuda, Naoyuki Hirai, Makoto Ikeda, Mie Katuro, Osbert Kimura, Eisaku Mita, Toshihiro Obwoya, Paul Odongo-Aginya, Emmanuel Ogwang, Martin Palacpac, Nirianne Opio, Walter Sakurai-Yatsushiro, Miki Sekihara, Makoto Tachibana, Shin-Ichiro Takahashi, Nobuyuki Yamauchi, Masato Yatsushiro, Shouki
Source	PMC
abstract	BACKGROUND: Usage of chloroquine was discontinued from the treatment of Plasmodium falciparum infection in almost all endemic regions because of global spread of resistant parasites. Since the first report in Malawi, numerous epidemiological studies have demonstrated that the discontinuance led to re-emergence of chloroquine-susceptible P. falciparum, suggesting a possible role in future malaria control. However, most studies were cross-sectional, with few studies looking at the persistence of chloroquine recovery in long term. This study fills the gap by providing, for a period of at least 6 years, proof of persistent re-emergence/stable recovery of susceptible parasite populations using both molecular and phenotypic methods. METHODS: Ex vivo drug-susceptibility assays to chloroquine (n = 319) and lumefantrine (n = 335) were performed from 2013 to 2018 in Gulu, Northern Uganda, where chloroquine had been removed from the official malaria treatment regimen since 2006. Genotyping of pfcrt and pfmdr1 was also performed. RESULTS: Chloroquine resistance (≥ 100 nM) was observed in only 3 (1.3%) samples. Average IC(50) values for chloroquine were persistently low throughout the study period (17.4–24.9 nM). Parasites harbouring pfcrt K76 alleles showed significantly lower IC(50)s to chloroquine than the parasites harbouring K76T alleles (21.4 nM vs. 43.1 nM, p-value = 3.9 × 10(−8)). Prevalence of K76 alleles gradually increased from 71% in 2013 to 100% in 2018. CONCLUSION: This study found evidence of stable persistence of chloroquine susceptibility with the fixation of pfcrt K76 in Northern Uganda after discontinuation of chloroquine in the region. Accumulation of similar evidence in other endemic areas in Uganda could open channels for possible future re-use of chloroquine as an option for malaria treatment or prevention.
has issue date	2020-02-18(xsd:dateTime)
bibo:doi	10.1186/s12936-020-03157-0
bibo:pmid	32070358
has license	cc-by
sha1sum (hex)	05c03d3129a911eedc83b0c6a5c2857dd0130d57
schema:url	https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-020-03157-0
resource representing a document's title	Recovery and stable persistence of chloroquine sensitivity in Plasmodium falciparum parasites after its discontinued use in Northern Uganda
has PubMed Central identifier	PMC7026951
has PubMed identifier	32070358
schema:publication	Malar J
resource representing a document's body	covid:05c03d3129a911eedc83b0c6a5c2857dd0130d57#body_text
is schema:about of	named entity 'Usage' named entity 'chloroquine' named entity 'demonstrated' named entity 'infection' named entity 'cross-sectional' named entity 'Plasmodium' named entity 'falciparum' named entity 'PROVIDING' named entity 'USING' named entity 'CHLOROQUINE' named entity 'PARASITES.' named entity 'PERSISTENT' named entity 'HAVE' named entity 'EMERGENCE' named entity 'ALMOST ALL' named entity 'RECOVERY' named entity 'persistence' named entity 'Plasmodium' named entity '6 years' named entity 'Background' named entity 'numerous' named entity 'Malawi' named entity 'period' named entity 'led' named entity 'control' named entity 'susceptible' named entity 'discontinued' named entity 'P. falciparum' named entity 'epidemiological studies' named entity 'Plasmodium falciparum infection' named entity 'chloroquine' named entity 'phenotypic' named entity 'Malawi' named entity 'parasites' named entity 'Plasmodium falciparum' named entity 'malaria' named entity 'DNA Polymerase' named entity 'allele' named entity 'Takara Bio' named entity 'lumefantrine' named entity 'non-linear regression' named entity 'DFID' named entity 'Chloroquine' named entity 'DDBJ' named entity 'parasites' named entity 'lumefantrine' named entity 'gene' named entity 'Japan' named entity 'Uganda' named entity 'chloroquine resistance' named entity 'gene' named entity 'chloroquine' named entity 'chloroquine' named entity 'World Vision' named entity 'mutation' named entity 'clinical trials' named entity 'phenotypic' named entity 'P. falciparum'

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