About: Vaccines Through Centuries: Major Cornerstones of Global Health

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An Entity of Type : schema:ScholarlyArticle, within Data Space : covidontheweb.inria.fr associated with source document(s)

Attributes	Values
type	Academic Article research paper schema:ScholarlyArticle
isDefinedBy	Covid-on-the-Web dataset
has title	Vaccines Through Centuries: Major Cornerstones of Global Health
Creator	Alghamdi, Saleh Badran, Reina Chams, Nour Chams, Sana Gerges-Geagea, Alice Hajj Hussein, Inaya Jurjus, Abdo Leone, Angelo Raad, Mohamad Bisiacchi, Patrizia Sayegh, Skye
Source	Medline; PMC
abstract	Multiple cornerstones have shaped the history of vaccines, which may contain live-attenuated viruses, inactivated organisms/viruses, inactivated toxins, or merely segments of the pathogen that could elicit an immune response. The story began with Hippocrates 400 B.C. with his description of mumps and diphtheria. No further discoveries were recorded until 1100 A.D. when the smallpox vaccine was described. During the eighteenth century, vaccines for cholera and yellow fever were reported and Edward Jenner, the father of vaccination and immunology, published his work on smallpox. The nineteenth century was a major landmark, with the “Germ Theory of disease” of Louis Pasteur, the discovery of the germ tubercle bacillus for tuberculosis by Robert Koch, and the isolation of pneumococcus organism by George Miller Sternberg. Another landmark was the discovery of diphtheria toxin by Emile Roux and its serological treatment by Emil Von Behring and Paul Ehrlih. In addition, Pasteur was able to generate the first live-attenuated viral vaccine against rabies. Typhoid vaccines were then developed, followed by the plague vaccine of Yersin. At the beginning of World War I, the tetanus toxoid was introduced, followed in 1915 by the pertussis vaccine. In 1974, The Expanded Program of Immunization was established within the WHO for bacille Calmette–Guerin, Polio, DTP, measles, yellow fever, and hepatitis B. The year 1996 witnessed the launching of the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative. In 1988, the WHO passed a resolution to eradicate polio by the year 2000 and in 2006; the first vaccine to prevent cervical cancer was developed. In 2010, “The Decade of vaccines” was launched, and on April 1st 2012, the United Nations launched the “shot@Life” campaign. In brief, the armamentarium of vaccines continues to grow with more emphasis on safety, availability, and accessibility. This mini review highlights the major historical events and pioneers in the course of development of vaccines, which have eradicated so many life-threatening diseases, despite the vaccination attitudes and waves appearing through history.
has issue date	2015-11-26(xsd:dateTime)
bibo:doi	10.3389/fpubh.2015.00269
bibo:pmid	26636066
has license	cc-by
sha1sum (hex)	d85a85112817de11b60dd2e8f8177a48c3015442
schema:url	https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2015.00269
resource representing a document's title	Vaccines Through Centuries: Major Cornerstones of Global Health
has PubMed Central identifier	PMC4659912
has PubMed identifier	26636066
schema:publication	Front Public Health
resource representing a document's body	covid:d85a85112817de11b60dd2e8f8177a48c3015442#body_text
is schema:about of	named entity 'Vaccines' named entity 'CENTURIES' named entity 'MAJOR' named entity 'GLOBAL HEALTH' named entity 'VACCINES' named entity 'Centuries' named entity 'Pasteur' named entity 'influenza' named entity 'delivery systems' named entity 'variolation' named entity 'Immunization' named entity 'long-term' named entity 'adverse event' named entity 'Turkey' named entity 'Diphtheria' named entity 'virus' named entity 'prospective studies' named entity 'causality' named entity 'China' named entity 'vaccine schedule' named entity 'vaccination' named entity 'infection' named entity 'Koch's bacillus' named entity 'phase IV' named entity 'microbiology' named entity 'epidemics' named entity 'rotavirus' named entity 'morbidity' named entity 'vaccine' named entity 'WHO' named entity 'vaccine safety' named entity 'vaccination' named entity 'HPV' named entity 'live-attenuated' named entity 'Merck' named entity 'Collaborating Center' named entity 'Polio Vaccination' named entity 'vaccine' named entity 'Vaccine' named entity 'natural immunity' named entity 'mumps' named entity 'global health' named entity 'Aidsvax' named entity 'plague epidemic' named entity 'Recombivax HB' named entity 'prevent the spread' named entity 'Nobel Prize in Medicine' named entity 'U.S.' named entity 'recombinant' named entity 'Academy of Sciences in France' named entity 'SARS' named entity 'IAVI' named entity 'formaldehyde' named entity 'Pasteur' named entity 'kidney' named entity 'vaccinating' named entity 'MMR vaccine and autism' named entity 'Lady Mary Wortley Montague' named entity 'weakened virus' named entity 'pregnant women' named entity 'Program for Appropriate Technology in Health' named entity 'epidemic' named entity 'tetanus' named entity 'infection' named entity 'CDC' named entity 'Emil Von Behring' named entity 'Koch's postulates' named entity 'May 7' named entity 'anthrax vaccine' named entity 'serum therapies' named entity 'live-attenuated'

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