About: Detection of viruses in used ventilation filters from two large public buildings

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An Entity of Type : schema:ScholarlyArticle, within Data Space : covidontheweb.inria.fr associated with source document(s)

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type	Academic Article research paper schema:ScholarlyArticle
isDefinedBy	Covid-on-the-Web dataset
title	Detection of viruses in used ventilation filters from two large public buildings
Creator	Anantharaman, Senthilvelan Sajja, Suchitra Goyal, Sagar Kim, Seung Raynor, Peter Paul, St Farnsworth, James Kuehn, Thomas Minneapolis, Minnesota Ramakrishnan, M Stanley, Nicholas
source	Elsevier; Medline; PMC
abstract	Background Viral and bacterial pathogens may be present in the air after being released from infected individuals and animals. Filters are installed in the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems of buildings to protect ventilation equipment and maintain healthy indoor air quality. These filters process enormous volumes of air. This study was undertaken to determine the utility of sampling used ventilation filters to assess the types and concentrations of virus aerosols present in buildings. Methods The HVAC filters from 2 large public buildings in Minneapolis and Seattle were sampled to determine the presence of human respiratory viruses and viruses with bioterrorism potential. Four air-handling units were selected from each building, and a total of 64 prefilters and final filters were tested for the presence of influenza A, influenza B, respiratory syncytial, corona, parainfluenza 1-3, adeno, orthopox, entero, Ebola, Marburg, Lassa fever, Machupo, eastern equine encephalitis, western equine encephalitis, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses. Representative pieces of each filter were cut and eluted with a buffer solution. Results Attempts were made to detect viruses by inoculation of these eluates in cell cultures (Vero, MDCK, and RK-13) and specific pathogen-free embryonated chicken eggs. Two passages of eluates in cell cultures or these eggs did not reveal the presence of any live virus. The eluates were also examined by polymerase chain reaction or reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction to detect the presence of viral DNA or RNA, respectively. Nine of the 64 filters tested were positive for influenza A virus, 2 filters were positive for influenza B virus, and 1 filter was positive for parainfluenza virus 1. Conclusion These findings indicate that existing building HVAC filters may be used as a method of detection for airborne viruses. As integrated long-term bioaerosol sampling devices, they may yield valuable information on the epidemiology and aerobiology of viruses in air that can inform the development of methods to prevent airborne transmission of viruses and possible deterrents against the spread of bioterrorism agents.
has issue date	2011-09-30(xsd:dateTime)
bibo:doi	10.1016/j.ajic.2010.10.036
bibo:pmid	21549446
has license	els-covid
sha1sum (hex)	595753630e6eba3491946750feb533eecdd1bd5c
schema:url	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2010.10.036
resource representing a document's title	Detection of viruses in used ventilation filters from two large public buildings
has PubMed Central identifier	PMC7132662
has PubMed identifier	21549446
schema:publication	American Journal of Infection Control
resource representing a document's body	covid:595753630e6eba3491946750feb533eecdd1bd5c#body_text
is schema:about of	named entity 'volumes' named entity 'filters' named entity 'equine encephalitis' named entity 'corona' named entity 'released' named entity '1-3' named entity 'PUBLIC' named entity 'DETECTION' named entity 'FILTERS' named entity 'MINNEAPOLIS' named entity 'SYNCYTIAL' named entity 'BEING' named entity 'INDIVIDUALS' named entity 'AEROSOLS' named entity 'INFLUENZA B' named entity 'HANDLING' named entity 'VOLUMES' named entity 'INDOOR AIR QUALITY' named entity 'BACTERIAL PATHOGENS' named entity 'BIOTERRORISM' named entity 'EBOLA' named entity 'REPRESENTATIVE' named entity 'EASTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS' named entity 'CORONA' named entity 'HEATING' named entity 'VIRUSES' named entity 'DETERMINE' named entity 'ENTERO' named entity 'LARGE' named entity 'RELEASED' named entity 'EQUIPMENT' named entity 'INFECTED' named entity 'PARAINFLUENZA 1' named entity 'MAINTAIN' named entity 'VENEZUELAN EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS' named entity 'SELECTED' named entity 'FILTERS' named entity 'LARGE' named entity 'WESTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS' named entity 'UNITS' named entity 'BUILDINGS' named entity 'OF EACH' named entity 'ADENO' named entity 'BUILDING' named entity 'ASSESS' named entity 'THESE' named entity 'BUFFER SOLUTION' named entity 'AIR' named entity 'BUILDINGS' named entity 'ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES' named entity 'FILTER' named entity 'UTILITY' named entity 'HUMAN' named entity 'CONCENTRATIONS' named entity 'VIRUS' named entity 'ANIMALS' named entity 'PROCESS' named entity 'SEATTLE' named entity 'LASSA FEVER' named entity 'INFLUENZA A' named entity 'FINAL' named entity 'POTENTIAL' named entity 'PRESENT' named entity 'SAMPLING' named entity 'TOTAL' named entity 'SYSTEMS' named entity 'CUT' named entity 'RESPIRATORY VIRUSES' named entity 'PUBLIC' named entity 'METHODS' named entity 'VIRAL AND'

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