About: Bacteria, viruses, and parasites in an intermittent stream protected from and exposed to pasturing cattle: Prevalence, densities, and quantitative microbial risk assessment

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About: Bacteria, viruses, and parasites in an intermittent stream protected from and exposed to pasturing cattle: Prevalence, densities, and quantitative microbial risk assessment Goto Sponge NotDistinct Permalink

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type	Academic Article research paper schema:ScholarlyArticle
isDefinedBy	Covid-on-the-Web dataset
has title	Bacteria, viruses, and parasites in an intermittent stream protected from and exposed to pasturing cattle: Prevalence, densities, and quantitative microbial risk assessment
Creator	Jones, T Brassard, J Edge, T Gannon, V Jokinen, C Lapen, D Neumann, N Pintar, K Ruecker, N Schmidt, P Sunohara, M Topp, E Wilkes, G
Source	Elsevier; Medline; PMC
abstract	Abstract Over 3500 individual water samples, for 131 sampling times, targeting waterborne pathogens/fecal indicator bacteria were collected during a 7-year period from 4 sites along an intermittent stream running through a small livestock pasture system with and without cattle access-to-stream restriction measures. The study assessed the impact of cattle pasturing/riparian zone protection on: pathogen (bacterial, viral, parasite) occurrence, concentrations of fecal indicators, and quantitative microbial risk assessments (QMRA) of the risk of Cryptosporidium, Giardia and Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection in humans. Methodologies were developed to compute QMRA mean risks on the basis of water samples exhibiting potentially human infectious Cryptosporidium and E. coli based on genotyping Crytosporidium, and E. coli O157:H7 presence/absence information paired with enumerated E. coli. All Giardia spp. were considered infectious. No significant pasturing treatment effects were observed among pathogens, with the exception of Campylobacter spp. and E. coli O157:H7. Campylobacter spp. prevalence significantly decreased downstream through pasture treatments and E. coli O157:H7 was observed in a few instances in the middle of the unrestricted pasture. Densities of total coliform, fecal coliform, and E. coli reduced significantly downstream in the restricted pasture system, but not in the unrestricted system. Seasonal and flow conditions were associated with greater indicator bacteria densities, especially in the summer. Norovirus GII was detected at rates of 7–22% of samples for all monitoring sites, and rotavirus in 0–7% of samples for all monitoring sites; pasture treatment trends were not evident, however. Seasonal and stream flow variables (and their interactions) were relatively more important than pasture treatments for initially stratifying pathogen occurrence and higher fecal indicator bacteria densities. Significant positive associations among fecal indicator bacteria and Campylobacter spp. detection were observed. For QMRA, adjusting for the proportion of Cryptosporidium spp. detected that are infectious for humans reduces downstream risk estimates by roughly one order of magnitude. Using QMRA in this manner provides a more refined estimate of beneficial management practice effects on pathogen exposure risks to humans.
has issue date	2013-10-15(xsd:dateTime)
bibo:doi	10.1016/j.watres.2013.07.041
bibo:pmid	24075721
has license	els-covid
sha1sum (hex)	2f8ca0db8d5dd06c84eeddcc56a87f412e8524ff
schema:url	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2013.07.041
resource representing a document's title	Bacteria, viruses, and parasites in an intermittent stream protected from and exposed to pasturing cattle: Prevalence, densities, and quantitative microbial risk assessment
has PubMed Central identifier	PMC7112034
has PubMed identifier	24075721
schema:publication	Water Research
resource representing a document's body	covid:2f8ca0db8d5dd06c84eeddcc56a87f412e8524ff#body_text
is schema:about of	named entity 'ASSESSED' named entity 'ACCESS' named entity 'INDICATOR BACTERIA' named entity 'ZONE' named entity 'SYSTEM' named entity 'RUNNING' named entity 'A 7' named entity 'HUMANS' covid:arg/2f8ca0db8d5dd06c84eeddcc56a87f412e8524ff named entity 'TIMES' named entity 'PARASITE' named entity 'INFECTION' named entity 'PROTECTION' named entity 'WATER' named entity 'PUBLIC HEALTH' named entity 'IMPACT' named entity 'VIRAL' named entity 'ESCHERICHIA COLI O157' named entity 'SMALL' named entity 'PASTURE' named entity 'RESTRICTION' named entity 'STREAM' named entity '3500' named entity 'CRYPTOSPORIDIUM' named entity 'SAMPLES' named entity 'BACTERIA ' named entity 'RISK ASSESSMENTS' named entity 'LIVESTOCK' named entity 'YEAR' named entity 'STUDY' named entity 'INTERMITTENT STREAM' named entity 'RIPARIAN ZONE' named entity 'MICROBIAL' named entity 'CONCENTRATIONS' named entity 'CATTLE' named entity 'MEASURES' named entity 'S T' named entity 'INDIVIDUAL' named entity 'FECAL' named entity 'PATHOGENS' named entity 'PATHOGEN' named entity 'WATERBORNE' named entity 'SITES' named entity 'PERIOD' named entity 'GIARDIA' named entity 'TARGETING' named entity 'QUANTITATIVE' named entity 'COLLECTED' named entity 'RISKS' named entity 'RISK OF' named entity 'SAMPLING' named entity 'INDICATORS' named entity 'OCCURRENCE' named entity 'intermittent stream' named entity 'pathogen' named entity 'restriction' named entity 'pasture' named entity 'parasite' named entity 'quantitative' named entity 'waterborne pathogens' named entity 'samples' named entity 'water samples' named entity 'risk assessments' named entity 'Giardia' named entity 'Public health' named entity 'pathogen' named entity 'zoonotic pathogens' named entity 'virus' named entity 'orders of magnitude'

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