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| - ورقة العمل مستند يتضمن الأرقام أو المذكرات أو البيانات أو تحليلات الحساب المؤقتة عند دقيق حسابات الشركة مثلا. ويطلق على البيان الأول المعد أساسا للمناقشة أو التفاوض.
- Diskussionspapiere oder Arbeitspapiere (engl. Working Paper) sind meist mehrseitige Veröffentlichungen von Wissenschaftlern, die – im Gegensatz zu Aufsätzen in Fachjournalen – nicht in Fachzeitschriften oder Fachbüchern erscheinen, sondern als projekteigene Veröffentlichungen in eigener Regie – quasi im „Eigenverlag“ – verbreitet werden, z. B. über das Internet. Working paper in diesem Sinne können auch Vorab-Veröffentlichungen von akademischen Artikeln, Buchkapiteln oder Reviews sein. Working Papers sind besonders in den Wirtschaftswissenschaften verbreitet. Ein ähnliches Konzept sind Preprints.
- Nell'ambito della ricerca scientifica, un working paper è uno scritto che viene diffuso dai suoi autori, al fine di sollecitare una preliminare discussione informale, prima dell'invio a una rivista scientifica, soprattutto se questa seleziona i contributi col metodo della revisione paritaria, oppure prima che venga presentato come comunicazione a un congresso. I working paper sono spesso resi pubblici mediante siti web dell'autore o dell'istituzione cui egli appartiene, tipicamente un'università o un centro di ricerca.
- A working paper or work paper may be:
* A working paper or technical paper. Often, authors will release working papers to share ideas about a topic or to elicit feedback before submitting to a peer reviewed conference or academic journal. Working papers are often the basis for related works, and may in themselves be cited by peer-review papers. They may be considered as grey literature.
* Sometimes the term working paper is used synonymously as technical report. Working papers are typically hosted on websites, belonging either to the author or the author's affiliated institution. The United Nations uses the term "working paper" in approximately this sense for the draft of a resolution.
* Documents required for a minor to get a job in certain states within the United States. Such papers
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